Modeling and analysis of lattice towers with more accurate models

In traditional design, transmission towers are assumed to be trusses in the calculation of member axial forces, and secondary braces are usually neglected. However, this assumption does not accurately reflect the structural characteristics of transmission towers. This paper proposes a finite element model (FEM) in which member continuity, the asymmetrical sectional properties of members, the eccentricity of connections, and geometrical and material nonlinearities are considered. The proposed FEM is first verified using experimental results, and is then employed in the analysis of several lattice towers to investigate some of their practical aspects. Recommendations on the design of transmission tower systems are made according to the results of the analysis and given in the conclusion.