MAX-inherited layered TiC_x endows brittle SiC with anomalous mechanical properties and near-fully recoverable thermal shock resistance spanning ultrawide temperature domain

An additive-free strategy achieves an in-situ TiC_x/SiC composite by using Ti₃AlC₂ as dual precursor to generate MAX-topology-inherited layered TiC_x reinforcement and vapor-assisted densification through vacuum hot-pressing. An optimized window of 40 wt% Ti₃AlC₂ at 1850 °C yields high purity, microstructural uniformity and near-theoretical densification (98%). The laminated TiC_x architecture activates crack deflection, interlayer sliding and stress delocalization, producing a remarkable toughness–strength synergy (over 10 MPa·m^1/2 and 600 MPa). A solid−vapor mechanism involving synergistic anti-Ostwald ripening and self-vaporizing explains the layered TiC_x preservation and favorable densification. The composites perform exceptional thermal shock response spanning 500 −1600 °C, achieving near-full recovery of 95% toughness after 1200 °C, and 70% residual strength after 1500 °C. This is attributed to the synergetic effect of oxidation-induced self-healing with stress-mediated crack propagation suppression. This work establishes multiple advancements of structural design, damage tolerance and thermal shock resistance in brittle matrix composites for extreme environments. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.