Low-level windshear associated with atmospheric boundary layer jets – Case studies

Jet streams in the atmospheric boundary layer may lead to hazardous weather over southern China. In this paper, the jet-related low-level windshear to be encountered by an aircraft is documented. Two typical cases under the northeast monsoon regime are considered, namely, easterly jet disrupted by the mountains to the south of Hong Kong International Airport, and outbreak of monsoon surge that produces a low-level northeasterly jet. The Doppler Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems are found to capture the corresponding windshear features very well, e.g., consistent with pilot reports and flight data. They are useful in providing timely alert to the aircraft. In particular, the LIDAR captures a double jet structure in the atmospheric boundary layer for the easterly wind case, which has not been reported in the literature before. The physical mechanism for the occurrence of the double jet is yet to be revealed. Moreover, the performance of a high spatial resolution (200 m) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model in predicting the jet and the associated low-level windshear is studied. The model is found to provide reasonable prediction of the windshear features at a few hours ahead, and, for the cases studied, shows skills in providing timely alerts to the aircraft.