TY - JOUR
T1 - Loss distribution and characterization of MMC sub-modules for HVDC applications
AU - Tian, Yumeng
AU - Wickramasinghe, Harith R.
AU - Pou, Josep
AU - Konstantinou, Georgios
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - The losses and efficiency of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) are strongly linked to the switching frequency, component selection, and the choice of internal control structures such as the circulating current control and sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage balancing algorithm. Equally, the structure of the SM impacts the overall converter operation and the efficiency of the conversion system. However, consideration for the impact of converter operating points on the overall system efficiency is required in order to derive a complete picture. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of inverter/rectifier operation and power factor on the losses of the different SMs in an MMC with a particular focus on SMs and operational limits for high-voltage DC transmission systems. Considering 27 different SM topologies, it is demonstrated that due to the voltage balancing requirements, the inverter or rectifier operation modes of the converter and the power factor, influence the average losses of SMs and also the maximum and minimum losses within a fundamental period. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AB - The losses and efficiency of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) are strongly linked to the switching frequency, component selection, and the choice of internal control structures such as the circulating current control and sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage balancing algorithm. Equally, the structure of the SM impacts the overall converter operation and the efficiency of the conversion system. However, consideration for the impact of converter operating points on the overall system efficiency is required in order to derive a complete picture. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of inverter/rectifier operation and power factor on the losses of the different SMs in an MMC with a particular focus on SMs and operational limits for high-voltage DC transmission systems. Considering 27 different SM topologies, it is demonstrated that due to the voltage balancing requirements, the inverter or rectifier operation modes of the converter and the power factor, influence the average losses of SMs and also the maximum and minimum losses within a fundamental period. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
KW - converter losses
KW - HVDC transmission
KW - loss distribution
KW - modular multilevel converter
KW - power factor
KW - sub-modules
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UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111634010&origin=recordpage
U2 - 10.1002/2050-7038.13042
DO - 10.1002/2050-7038.13042
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
SN - 2050-7038
VL - 31
JO - International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
JF - International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
IS - 11
M1 - e13042
ER -
