LiNbO3 optical waveguides formed in a new proton source

Vittorio M. N. Passaro; Mario N. Armenise; Diana Nesheva; Ivanka T. Savatinova; Edwin Y. B. Pun

doi:10.1109/50.974820

LiNbO₃ optical waveguides formed in a new proton source

Vittorio M. N. Passaro, Mario N. Armenise, Diana Nesheva, Ivanka T. Savatinova, Edwin Y. B. Pun

Department of Electrical Engineering

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Proton-exchanged planar waveguides have been fabricated on Z-cut and X-cut lithium niobate crystals by using a new proton source formed by a mixture of benzoic and adipic acids. Waveguide index profiles and optical characteristics have been obtained at different values of the adipic-benzoic acid concentration ratio. The samples have been structurally characterized by Raman and infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and double-crystal X-ray diffraction. Good quality samples have been fabricated by using 30 mol% ratio dilution, showing very low scattering levels (33 = 0.88 pm/V), and low relative percentage of interstitial protons (26 %). The main factor limiting the waveguide optical properties is the substitutional-interstitial proton ratio, which can be easily controlled to produce good quality waveguides. A demonstration of the repeatability of the exchange process in the acid mixture is also provided.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	71-77
Journal	Journal of Lightwave Technology
Volume	20
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/50.974820
Publication status	Published - Jan 2002

Research Keywords

Diffusion processes
Electrooptic measurements
Integrated optics
Lithium compounds
Optical planar waveguides
Optical variables measurement

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Cite this

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title = "LiNbO3 optical waveguides formed in a new proton source",

abstract = "Proton-exchanged planar waveguides have been fabricated on Z-cut and X-cut lithium niobate crystals by using a new proton source formed by a mixture of benzoic and adipic acids. Waveguide index profiles and optical characteristics have been obtained at different values of the adipic-benzoic acid concentration ratio. The samples have been structurally characterized by Raman and infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and double-crystal X-ray diffraction. Good quality samples have been fabricated by using 30 mol% ratio dilution, showing very low scattering levels (33 = 0.88 pm/V), and low relative percentage of interstitial protons (26 %). The main factor limiting the waveguide optical properties is the substitutional-interstitial proton ratio, which can be easily controlled to produce good quality waveguides. A demonstration of the repeatability of the exchange process in the acid mixture is also provided.",

keywords = "Diffusion processes, Electrooptic measurements, Integrated optics, Lithium compounds, Optical planar waveguides, Optical variables measurement",

author = "Passaro, {Vittorio M. N.} and Armenise, {Mario N.} and Diana Nesheva and Savatinova, {Ivanka T.} and Pun, {Edwin Y. B.}",

year = "2002",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1109/50.974820",

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T1 - LiNbO3 optical waveguides formed in a new proton source

AU - Passaro, Vittorio M. N.

AU - Armenise, Mario N.

AU - Nesheva, Diana

AU - Savatinova, Ivanka T.

AU - Pun, Edwin Y. B.

PY - 2002/1

Y1 - 2002/1

N2 - Proton-exchanged planar waveguides have been fabricated on Z-cut and X-cut lithium niobate crystals by using a new proton source formed by a mixture of benzoic and adipic acids. Waveguide index profiles and optical characteristics have been obtained at different values of the adipic-benzoic acid concentration ratio. The samples have been structurally characterized by Raman and infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and double-crystal X-ray diffraction. Good quality samples have been fabricated by using 30 mol% ratio dilution, showing very low scattering levels (33 = 0.88 pm/V), and low relative percentage of interstitial protons (26 %). The main factor limiting the waveguide optical properties is the substitutional-interstitial proton ratio, which can be easily controlled to produce good quality waveguides. A demonstration of the repeatability of the exchange process in the acid mixture is also provided.

AB - Proton-exchanged planar waveguides have been fabricated on Z-cut and X-cut lithium niobate crystals by using a new proton source formed by a mixture of benzoic and adipic acids. Waveguide index profiles and optical characteristics have been obtained at different values of the adipic-benzoic acid concentration ratio. The samples have been structurally characterized by Raman and infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and double-crystal X-ray diffraction. Good quality samples have been fabricated by using 30 mol% ratio dilution, showing very low scattering levels (33 = 0.88 pm/V), and low relative percentage of interstitial protons (26 %). The main factor limiting the waveguide optical properties is the substitutional-interstitial proton ratio, which can be easily controlled to produce good quality waveguides. A demonstration of the repeatability of the exchange process in the acid mixture is also provided.

KW - Diffusion processes

KW - Electrooptic measurements

KW - Integrated optics

KW - Lithium compounds

KW - Optical planar waveguides

KW - Optical variables measurement

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DO - 10.1109/50.974820

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

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