Laser powder bed fusion processed LaCe(Fe, Mn, Si)₁₃ lattices for magnetic refrigeration: Process optimization, microstructure, and magnetocaloric performance

Kun Sun; Yuting Zhang; Sheng Li; Zhaohe Gao; Xue Cao; Ziling Peng; Pengyan Huang; Abd El-Moez A. Mohamed; Zhigang Zheng; Minki Jeong; Yu-Lung Chiu; Yang Lu; Moataz M. Attallah

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.049

Laser powder bed fusion processed LaCe(Fe, Mn, Si)₁₃ lattices for magnetic refrigeration: Process optimization, microstructure, and magnetocaloric performance

Kun Sun
, Yuting Zhang
, Sheng Li^*
, Zhaohe Gao^*
, Xue Cao
, Ziling Peng
, Pengyan Huang
, Abd El-Moez A. Mohamed
, Zhigang Zheng
, Minki Jeong
, Yu-Lung Chiu
, Yang Lu^*
, Moataz M. Attallah^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

1 Downloads (CityUHK Scholars)

Abstract

In this study, the optimal laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing parameters for fabricating fully dense LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)₁₃ thin walls have been identified through a machine-learning approach based on the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model. All the specimens and components were fabricated using a continuous laser source. The relationship between the defect fraction of the fabricated thin wall and the line energy density (E_L) and hatch (h) is established. The measured defect fraction of specimens fabricated using the validation data sets was very well in agreement with the predicted values of the GPR model, with an error of less than 1%. The microstructure of as-fabricated lattices is contained by α-Fe phases, LaFeSi phases, NaZn₁₃-type phases, and the La/Ce/Si rich phases, which has an amorphous matrix embedded with nanocrystalline. The microstructure of the HTHed lattices presents the α-Fe phases, LaFeSi phases, and NaZn₁₃-type phases. The diamond lattice has high heat exchange efficiency among the four lattices because of its large surface area (1577.1 mm²) and excellent thermal conductivity. Although the LPBF parameters are the same, the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔS_m) and T_c of the four samples differ. The X-ray powder diffraction test confirms that the HTHed Tube exhibits the highest volume of the NaZn₁₃-type phase. The HTHed Tube saw ΔS_m, about 1.63 J kg⁻¹K⁻¹ at 264.5 K. The ΔS_m of HTHed Diamond around T_c (1.13 J kg⁻¹K⁻¹ at 219.5 K) is slightly higher than HTHed Gyroid (0.99 J kg⁻¹K⁻¹ at 250.5 K). Essentially, our work accelerates the search for optimal process parameters and guides the direction for lattice design of LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)₁₃.

© 2024 The Authors.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	297-310
Journal	Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Volume	34
Online published	5 Dec 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.049
Publication status	Published - Jan 2025
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Kun Sun would like to thank the China Scholarship Council and the University of Birmingham for co-funding his PhD project. The authors would like to thank the Centre for Electron Microscopy in the University of Birmingham. This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through grant no. EP/ V028774/1.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Research Keywords

And magnetocaloric performance
Heat exchange efficiency
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)
Machine learning
Microstructure
X-ray powder diffraction

Publisher's Copyright Statement

This full text is made available under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.049

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Sun, K., Zhang, Y., Li, S., Gao, Z., Cao, X., Peng, Z., Huang, P., Mohamed, A. E.-M. A., Zheng, Z., Jeong, M., Chiu, Y.-L., Lu, Y., & Attallah, M. M. (2025). Laser powder bed fusion processed LaCe(Fe, Mn, Si)₁₃ lattices for magnetic refrigeration: Process optimization, microstructure, and magnetocaloric performance. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 34, 297-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.049

@article{fb99d688e3ad4abc8b50839066bc6bca,

title = "Laser powder bed fusion processed LaCe(Fe, Mn, Si)₁₃ lattices for magnetic refrigeration: Process optimization, microstructure, and magnetocaloric performance",

abstract = "In this study, the optimal laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing parameters for fabricating fully dense LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)13 thin walls have been identified through a machine-learning approach based on the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model. All the specimens and components were fabricated using a continuous laser source. The relationship between the defect fraction of the fabricated thin wall and the line energy density (EL) and hatch (h) is established. The measured defect fraction of specimens fabricated using the validation data sets was very well in agreement with the predicted values of the GPR model, with an error of less than 1\%. The microstructure of as-fabricated lattices is contained by α-Fe phases, LaFeSi phases, NaZn13-type phases, and the La/Ce/Si rich phases, which has an amorphous matrix embedded with nanocrystalline. The microstructure of the HTHed lattices presents the α-Fe phases, LaFeSi phases, and NaZn13-type phases. The diamond lattice has high heat exchange efficiency among the four lattices because of its large surface area (1577.1 mm2) and excellent thermal conductivity. Although the LPBF parameters are the same, the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) and Tc of the four samples differ. The X-ray powder diffraction test confirms that the HTHed Tube exhibits the highest volume of the NaZn13-type phase. The HTHed Tube saw ΔSm, about 1.63 J kg−1K−1 at 264.5 K. The ΔSm of HTHed Diamond around Tc (1.13 J kg−1K−1 at 219.5 K) is slightly higher than HTHed Gyroid (0.99 J kg−1K−1 at 250.5 K). Essentially, our work accelerates the search for optimal process parameters and guides the direction for lattice design of LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)13. {\textcopyright} 2024 The Authors.",

keywords = "And magnetocaloric performance, Heat exchange efficiency, Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), Machine learning, Microstructure, X-ray powder diffraction",

author = "Kun Sun and Yuting Zhang and Sheng Li and Zhaohe Gao and Xue Cao and Ziling Peng and Pengyan Huang and Mohamed, \{Abd El-Moez A.\} and Zhigang Zheng and Minki Jeong and Yu-Lung Chiu and Yang Lu and Attallah, \{Moataz M.\}",

year = "2025",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.049",

language = "English",

volume = "34",

pages = "297--310",

journal = "Journal of Materials Research and Technology",

issn = "2238-7854",

publisher = "Elsevier Editora Ltda",

}

Sun, K, Zhang, Y, Li, S, Gao, Z, Cao, X, Peng, Z, Huang, P, Mohamed, AE-MA, Zheng, Z, Jeong, M, Chiu, Y-L, Lu, Y & Attallah, MM 2025, 'Laser powder bed fusion processed LaCe(Fe, Mn, Si)₁₃ lattices for magnetic refrigeration: Process optimization, microstructure, and magnetocaloric performance', Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 34, pp. 297-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.049

Laser powder bed fusion processed LaCe(Fe, Mn, Si)₁₃ lattices for magnetic refrigeration: Process optimization, microstructure, and magnetocaloric performance. / Sun, Kun; Zhang, Yuting; Li, Sheng et al.
In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Vol. 34, 01.2025, p. 297-310.

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Laser powder bed fusion processed LaCe(Fe, Mn, Si)₁₃ lattices for magnetic refrigeration

T2 - Process optimization, microstructure, and magnetocaloric performance

AU - Sun, Kun

AU - Zhang, Yuting

AU - Li, Sheng

AU - Gao, Zhaohe

AU - Cao, Xue

AU - Peng, Ziling

AU - Huang, Pengyan

AU - Mohamed, Abd El-Moez A.

AU - Zheng, Zhigang

AU - Jeong, Minki

AU - Chiu, Yu-Lung

AU - Lu, Yang

AU - Attallah, Moataz M.

PY - 2025/1

Y1 - 2025/1

N2 - In this study, the optimal laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing parameters for fabricating fully dense LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)13 thin walls have been identified through a machine-learning approach based on the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model. All the specimens and components were fabricated using a continuous laser source. The relationship between the defect fraction of the fabricated thin wall and the line energy density (EL) and hatch (h) is established. The measured defect fraction of specimens fabricated using the validation data sets was very well in agreement with the predicted values of the GPR model, with an error of less than 1%. The microstructure of as-fabricated lattices is contained by α-Fe phases, LaFeSi phases, NaZn13-type phases, and the La/Ce/Si rich phases, which has an amorphous matrix embedded with nanocrystalline. The microstructure of the HTHed lattices presents the α-Fe phases, LaFeSi phases, and NaZn13-type phases. The diamond lattice has high heat exchange efficiency among the four lattices because of its large surface area (1577.1 mm2) and excellent thermal conductivity. Although the LPBF parameters are the same, the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) and Tc of the four samples differ. The X-ray powder diffraction test confirms that the HTHed Tube exhibits the highest volume of the NaZn13-type phase. The HTHed Tube saw ΔSm, about 1.63 J kg−1K−1 at 264.5 K. The ΔSm of HTHed Diamond around Tc (1.13 J kg−1K−1 at 219.5 K) is slightly higher than HTHed Gyroid (0.99 J kg−1K−1 at 250.5 K). Essentially, our work accelerates the search for optimal process parameters and guides the direction for lattice design of LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)13. © 2024 The Authors.

AB - In this study, the optimal laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing parameters for fabricating fully dense LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)13 thin walls have been identified through a machine-learning approach based on the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model. All the specimens and components were fabricated using a continuous laser source. The relationship between the defect fraction of the fabricated thin wall and the line energy density (EL) and hatch (h) is established. The measured defect fraction of specimens fabricated using the validation data sets was very well in agreement with the predicted values of the GPR model, with an error of less than 1%. The microstructure of as-fabricated lattices is contained by α-Fe phases, LaFeSi phases, NaZn13-type phases, and the La/Ce/Si rich phases, which has an amorphous matrix embedded with nanocrystalline. The microstructure of the HTHed lattices presents the α-Fe phases, LaFeSi phases, and NaZn13-type phases. The diamond lattice has high heat exchange efficiency among the four lattices because of its large surface area (1577.1 mm2) and excellent thermal conductivity. Although the LPBF parameters are the same, the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) and Tc of the four samples differ. The X-ray powder diffraction test confirms that the HTHed Tube exhibits the highest volume of the NaZn13-type phase. The HTHed Tube saw ΔSm, about 1.63 J kg−1K−1 at 264.5 K. The ΔSm of HTHed Diamond around Tc (1.13 J kg−1K−1 at 219.5 K) is slightly higher than HTHed Gyroid (0.99 J kg−1K−1 at 250.5 K). Essentially, our work accelerates the search for optimal process parameters and guides the direction for lattice design of LaCe(Fe,Mn,Si)13. © 2024 The Authors.

KW - And magnetocaloric performance

KW - Heat exchange efficiency

KW - Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)

KW - Machine learning

KW - Microstructure

KW - X-ray powder diffraction

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85211739555

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85211739555&origin=recordpage

U2 - 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.049

DO - 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.049

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

SN - 2238-7854

VL - 34

SP - 297

EP - 310

JO - Journal of Materials Research and Technology

JF - Journal of Materials Research and Technology

ER -

Laser powder bed fusion processed LaCe(Fe, Mn, Si)₁₃ lattices for magnetic refrigeration: Process optimization, microstructure, and magnetocaloric performance

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Research Keywords

Publisher's Copyright Statement

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