Large-scale synthesis of ternary Sn5SbP3/C composite by ball milling for superior stable sodium-ion battery anode

Wenchao Zhang; Jianfeng Mao; Wei Kong Pang; Zaiping Guo; Zhixin Chen

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.093

Large-scale synthesis of ternary Sn₅SbP₃/C composite by ball milling for superior stable sodium-ion battery anode

Wenchao Zhang, Jianfeng Mao^*, Wei Kong Pang, Zaiping Guo, Zhixin Chen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

51 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Alloy-based materials (i.e. Sn, Sb, P) are promising candidates for sodium-ion battery (SIB) anodes, but they suffer from capacity decay during charge/discharge cycling due to the pulverization caused by their huge volume change. Nanostructures can slow down the capacity fade, but most of the synthesis methods of such nanostructured anodes are difficult to scale-up. Herein, a ternary Sn₅SbP₃/C composite was fabricated by a green, low cost, one-step and easily scalable ball-milling of elementary Sn, Sb, P, and C. The microstructure of the ball-milled powders consists of micrometric agglomerates of active nano Sn₄P₃ and SnSb and Sn particles. Carbon in the composite acts as a conducting matrix, and it does not only benefit to the ball milling efficiency, but also benefit to the cycle life of the electrode. Each of the active Sn₄P₃ and SnSb and Sn phases in the composite functions mutually as a buffer for the others. As a result, this ternary composite anode delivers a good capacity of 352 mA h g⁻¹ at the current density of 2 A g⁻¹, which is notably higher than that of the binary Sn₄P₃/C and SnSb/C composites produced under the same conditions. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	107-113
Journal	Electrochimica Acta
Volume	235
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.093
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2017
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publication details (e.g. title, author(s), publication statuses and dates) are captured on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis at the time of record harvesting from the data source. Suggestions for further amendments or supplementary information can be sent to <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>.

Funding

Authors would like to thank Dr. Tania Silver for the reading and editing of the manuscript, and also acknowledge the use of the ARC facilities purchased through FT150100109 and the ARC facilities in the Electron Microscopy Centre of the University of Wollongong (UOW), especially thanks Dr. Gilberto Casillas-Garcia for low temperature HRTEM. The author, Wenchao Zhang, would like to thank the UOW and Engineering Materials Institute of UOW for financial support.

Research Keywords

alloy anode
large-scale
low cost
Sodium-ion battery

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title = "Large-scale synthesis of ternary Sn5SbP3/C composite by ball milling for superior stable sodium-ion battery anode",

abstract = "Alloy-based materials (i.e. Sn, Sb, P) are promising candidates for sodium-ion battery (SIB) anodes, but they suffer from capacity decay during charge/discharge cycling due to the pulverization caused by their huge volume change. Nanostructures can slow down the capacity fade, but most of the synthesis methods of such nanostructured anodes are difficult to scale-up. Herein, a ternary Sn5SbP3/C composite was fabricated by a green, low cost, one-step and easily scalable ball-milling of elementary Sn, Sb, P, and C. The microstructure of the ball-milled powders consists of micrometric agglomerates of active nano Sn4P3 and SnSb and Sn particles. Carbon in the composite acts as a conducting matrix, and it does not only benefit to the ball milling efficiency, but also benefit to the cycle life of the electrode. Each of the active Sn4P3 and SnSb and Sn phases in the composite functions mutually as a buffer for the others. As a result, this ternary composite anode delivers a good capacity of 352 mA h g−1 at the current density of 2 A g−1, which is notably higher than that of the binary Sn4P3/C and SnSb/C composites produced under the same conditions. {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Ltd",

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T1 - Large-scale synthesis of ternary Sn5SbP3/C composite by ball milling for superior stable sodium-ion battery anode

AU - Zhang, Wenchao

AU - Mao, Jianfeng

AU - Pang, Wei Kong

AU - Guo, Zaiping

AU - Chen, Zhixin

N1 - Publication details (e.g. title, author(s), publication statuses and dates) are captured on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis at the time of record harvesting from the data source. Suggestions for further amendments or supplementary information can be sent to <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>.

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N2 - Alloy-based materials (i.e. Sn, Sb, P) are promising candidates for sodium-ion battery (SIB) anodes, but they suffer from capacity decay during charge/discharge cycling due to the pulverization caused by their huge volume change. Nanostructures can slow down the capacity fade, but most of the synthesis methods of such nanostructured anodes are difficult to scale-up. Herein, a ternary Sn5SbP3/C composite was fabricated by a green, low cost, one-step and easily scalable ball-milling of elementary Sn, Sb, P, and C. The microstructure of the ball-milled powders consists of micrometric agglomerates of active nano Sn4P3 and SnSb and Sn particles. Carbon in the composite acts as a conducting matrix, and it does not only benefit to the ball milling efficiency, but also benefit to the cycle life of the electrode. Each of the active Sn4P3 and SnSb and Sn phases in the composite functions mutually as a buffer for the others. As a result, this ternary composite anode delivers a good capacity of 352 mA h g−1 at the current density of 2 A g−1, which is notably higher than that of the binary Sn4P3/C and SnSb/C composites produced under the same conditions. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

AB - Alloy-based materials (i.e. Sn, Sb, P) are promising candidates for sodium-ion battery (SIB) anodes, but they suffer from capacity decay during charge/discharge cycling due to the pulverization caused by their huge volume change. Nanostructures can slow down the capacity fade, but most of the synthesis methods of such nanostructured anodes are difficult to scale-up. Herein, a ternary Sn5SbP3/C composite was fabricated by a green, low cost, one-step and easily scalable ball-milling of elementary Sn, Sb, P, and C. The microstructure of the ball-milled powders consists of micrometric agglomerates of active nano Sn4P3 and SnSb and Sn particles. Carbon in the composite acts as a conducting matrix, and it does not only benefit to the ball milling efficiency, but also benefit to the cycle life of the electrode. Each of the active Sn4P3 and SnSb and Sn phases in the composite functions mutually as a buffer for the others. As a result, this ternary composite anode delivers a good capacity of 352 mA h g−1 at the current density of 2 A g−1, which is notably higher than that of the binary Sn4P3/C and SnSb/C composites produced under the same conditions. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

KW - alloy anode

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