Introduction of MgFeO₃ nanoparticles on the WS₂@CNT composite structures to enhance the bi-functional overall water splitting reactions

The renewable energy conversion process is absolutely essential for the development of global sustainability and an eco-friendly future. Electrochemical water splitting plays a pivotal role in these processes due to their exceptional durability, cost-effectiveness, and safety features. This study elucidated the rational design and synthesis of cubic-shaped MgFeO₃ nanoparticle decoration on the conductive WS₂ nano-flakes interlinked CNT scaffold network (MgFeO₃@WS₂@CNT) via hydrothermal process. MgFeO₃@WS₂@CNT catalyst offered the remarkable electrocatalytic performance in both hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) and demonstrated exceptionally low overpotentials of 54 mV and 240 mV for HER and OER at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² in an alkaline electrolyte, indicating favorable electrocatalytic kinetics. In addition, MgFeO₃@WS₂@CNT‖MgFeO₃@WS₂@CNT electrolyzer produced a 1.42 V cell voltage realizing a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² and robust durability for over 24-h. Our findings underscore the significant potential of the prepared hybrid electrode for versatile electrochemical water splitting applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd