Interfacial engineering via dipolar fullerene derivative for efficient tin halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics

Hongbin Xiao; Enhao Cui; Junfang Wang; Tianhua Liu; Xiaofang Wei; Junjie Huang; Muhammad Abdel-Shakour; Jie Li; Chunru Wang; Zonglong Zhu; Xiangyue Meng

doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68719-3

Interfacial engineering via dipolar fullerene derivative for efficient tin halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics

Hongbin Xiao
, Enhao Cui
, Junfang Wang
, Tianhua Liu
, Xiaofang Wei
, Junjie Huang
, Muhammad Abdel-Shakour
, Jie Li^*
, Chunru Wang^*
, Zonglong Zhu
, Xiangyue Meng^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Chemistry

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

1 Downloads (CityUHK Scholars)

Abstract

Modulating hot carrier dynamics is crucial in tin halide perovskite photovoltaics, particularly under indoor illumination with limited photon flux. Herein, a fullerene derivative bearing four piperazine groups (denoted as TPPC) is synthesized to engineer the perovskite/C₆₀ interface. The TPPC molecule exhibits a dipole moment of 1.97 Debye, leading to enhanced adsorption energy on perovskite surface and robust interfacial interaction. The newly formed surface dipole optimizes the interfacial energy level alignment via a cascade gradient, enabling modulation of interfacial hot carrier dynamics. Consequently, TPPC-treated photovoltaic devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.49% and a maximum output power density (P_out) of 64.1 μW cm^-2 under white light-emitting diode illumination (3000 K, 1000 lux, 285 μW cm^-2). Large-area (1.21 cm²) devices attain a PCE of 17.94% (certified: 15.93%) and a maximum P_out of 51.2 μW cm^-2 under the same illumination conditions. © The Author(s) 2026.

Original language	English
Article number	1908
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	17
Online published	21 Jan 2026
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68719-3
Publication status	Published - 2026

Funding

X.M. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22179131, 52232003), the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFB3614300), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2262081), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. H.X. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62304029).

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

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title = "Interfacial engineering via dipolar fullerene derivative for efficient tin halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics",

abstract = "Modulating hot carrier dynamics is crucial in tin halide perovskite photovoltaics, particularly under indoor illumination with limited photon flux. Herein, a fullerene derivative bearing four piperazine groups (denoted as TPPC) is synthesized to engineer the perovskite/C60 interface. The TPPC molecule exhibits a dipole moment of 1.97 Debye, leading to enhanced adsorption energy on perovskite surface and robust interfacial interaction. The newly formed surface dipole optimizes the interfacial energy level alignment via a cascade gradient, enabling modulation of interfacial hot carrier dynamics. Consequently, TPPC-treated photovoltaic devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.49\% and a maximum output power density (Pout) of 64.1 μW cm-2 under white light-emitting diode illumination (3000 K, 1000 lux, 285 μW cm-2). Large-area (1.21 cm2) devices attain a PCE of 17.94\% (certified: 15.93\%) and a maximum Pout of 51.2 μW cm-2 under the same illumination conditions. {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2026.",

author = "Hongbin Xiao and Enhao Cui and Junfang Wang and Tianhua Liu and Xiaofang Wei and Junjie Huang and Muhammad Abdel-Shakour and Jie Li and Chunru Wang and Zonglong Zhu and Xiangyue Meng",

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AU - Xiao, Hongbin

AU - Cui, Enhao

AU - Wang, Junfang

AU - Liu, Tianhua

AU - Wei, Xiaofang

AU - Huang, Junjie

AU - Abdel-Shakour, Muhammad

AU - Li, Jie

AU - Wang, Chunru

AU - Zhu, Zonglong

AU - Meng, Xiangyue

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Modulating hot carrier dynamics is crucial in tin halide perovskite photovoltaics, particularly under indoor illumination with limited photon flux. Herein, a fullerene derivative bearing four piperazine groups (denoted as TPPC) is synthesized to engineer the perovskite/C60 interface. The TPPC molecule exhibits a dipole moment of 1.97 Debye, leading to enhanced adsorption energy on perovskite surface and robust interfacial interaction. The newly formed surface dipole optimizes the interfacial energy level alignment via a cascade gradient, enabling modulation of interfacial hot carrier dynamics. Consequently, TPPC-treated photovoltaic devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.49% and a maximum output power density (Pout) of 64.1 μW cm-2 under white light-emitting diode illumination (3000 K, 1000 lux, 285 μW cm-2). Large-area (1.21 cm2) devices attain a PCE of 17.94% (certified: 15.93%) and a maximum Pout of 51.2 μW cm-2 under the same illumination conditions. © The Author(s) 2026.

AB - Modulating hot carrier dynamics is crucial in tin halide perovskite photovoltaics, particularly under indoor illumination with limited photon flux. Herein, a fullerene derivative bearing four piperazine groups (denoted as TPPC) is synthesized to engineer the perovskite/C60 interface. The TPPC molecule exhibits a dipole moment of 1.97 Debye, leading to enhanced adsorption energy on perovskite surface and robust interfacial interaction. The newly formed surface dipole optimizes the interfacial energy level alignment via a cascade gradient, enabling modulation of interfacial hot carrier dynamics. Consequently, TPPC-treated photovoltaic devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.49% and a maximum output power density (Pout) of 64.1 μW cm-2 under white light-emitting diode illumination (3000 K, 1000 lux, 285 μW cm-2). Large-area (1.21 cm2) devices attain a PCE of 17.94% (certified: 15.93%) and a maximum Pout of 51.2 μW cm-2 under the same illumination conditions. © The Author(s) 2026.

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DO - 10.1038/s41467-026-68719-3

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JO - Nature Communications

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Interfacial engineering via dipolar fullerene derivative for efficient tin halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics

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