TY - JOUR
T1 - Improving PCM endurance with a constant-cost wear leveling design
AU - Chang, Yu-Ming
AU - Hsiu, Pi-Cheng
AU - Chang, Yuan-Hao
AU - Chen, Chi-Hao
AU - Kuo, Tei-Wei
AU - Wang, Cheng-Yuan Michael
PY - 2016/12
Y1 - 2016/12
N2 - Improving PCM endurance is a fundamental issue when it is considered as an alternative to replace DRAM as main memory. Memory-based wear leveling (WL) is an effective way to improve PCM endurance, but its major challenge is how to efficiently determine the appropriate memory pages for allocation or swapping. In this article, we present a constant-cost WL design that is compatible with existing memory management. Two implementations, namely bucket-based and array-based WL, with constant-time (or nearly zero) search cost are proposed to be integrated into the OS layer and the hardware layer, respectively, as well as to trade between time and space complexity. The results of experiments conducted based on an implementation in Android, as well as simulations with popular benchmarks, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed design are very encouraging.
AB - Improving PCM endurance is a fundamental issue when it is considered as an alternative to replace DRAM as main memory. Memory-based wear leveling (WL) is an effective way to improve PCM endurance, but its major challenge is how to efficiently determine the appropriate memory pages for allocation or swapping. In this article, we present a constant-cost WL design that is compatible with existing memory management. Two implementations, namely bucket-based and array-based WL, with constant-time (or nearly zero) search cost are proposed to be integrated into the OS layer and the hardware layer, respectively, as well as to trade between time and space complexity. The results of experiments conducted based on an implementation in Android, as well as simulations with popular benchmarks, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed design are very encouraging.
KW - Algorithms
KW - Design
KW - Management
KW - Performance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84978151485&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978151485&origin=recordpage
U2 - 10.1145/2905364
DO - 10.1145/2905364
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
SN - 1084-4309
VL - 22
JO - ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems
JF - ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems
IS - 1
M1 - 9
ER -