MoGraphGPT: Creating Interactive Scenes Using Modular LLM and Graphical Control

Creating interactive scenes often involves complex programming tasks. Although large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT can generate code from natural language, their output is often error-prone, particularly when scripting interactions among multiple elements. The linear conversational structure limits the editing of individual elements, and the lack of graphical and precise control complicates visual integration. To address these issues, we integrate a context-aware modularization technique that processes textual descriptions for individual elements through separate LLM modules, with a central module managing interactions among elements. It defines a top-down structure to manage interactions, ensuring clear update logic and facilitating efficient collaboration while allowing for independent updates for each element. We design a graphical user interface, MoGraphGPT, which combines modular LLMs with enhanced graphical control to generate codes for 2D interactive scenes. It enables direct integration of graphical information and offers quick, precise control through automatically generated sliders. A comparative study with Cursor Composer shows MoGraphGPT significantly improves easiness, controllability, and performance in creating 2D interactive scenes with multiple visual elements in a coding-free manner. An ablation study validates the effectiveness of modularization, and an open-ended study demonstrates the usability and expressiveness of MoGraphGPT. © 2026 IEEE. All rights reserved.