How Graphene Islands are Unidirectionally Aligned on the Ge(110) Surface

Jiayun Dai; Danxia Wang; Miao Zhang; Tianchao Niu; Ang Li; Mao Ye; Shan Qiao; Guqiao Ding; Xiaoming Xie; Yongqiang Wang; Paul K. Chu; Qinghong Yuan; Zengfeng Di; Xi Wang; Feng Ding; Boris I. Yakobson

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00486

How Graphene Islands are Unidirectionally Aligned on the Ge(110) Surface

Jiayun Dai, Danxia Wang, Miao Zhang, Tianchao Niu, Ang Li, Mao Ye, Shan Qiao, Guqiao Ding, Xiaoming Xie, Yongqiang Wang, Paul K. Chu, Qinghong Yuan^*, Zengfeng Di^*, Xi Wang, Feng Ding, Boris I. Yakobson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

103 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The unidirectional alignment of graphene islands is essential to the synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystal graphene on Ge(110) surface, but the underlying mechanism is not well-understood. Here we report that the necessary coalignment of the nucleating graphene islands on Ge(110) surface is caused by the presence of step-pattern; we show that on the preannealed Ge(110) textureless surface the graphene islands appear nonpreferentially orientated, while on the Ge(110) surfaces with natural step pattern, all graphene islands emerge coaligned. First-principles calculations and theoretical analysis reveal this different alignment behaviors originate from the strong chemical binding formed between the graphene island edges and the atomic steps on the Ge(110) surface, and the lattice matching at edge-step interface dictates the alignment of graphene islands with the armchair direction of graphene along the [−110] direction of the Ge(110) substrate.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3160-3165
Journal	Nano Letters
Volume	16
Issue number	5
Online published	21 Apr 2016
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00486
Publication status	Published - 11 May 2016

Research Keywords

Graphene
alignment
first-principles calculation
surface step
chemical bonding
lattice matching

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title = "How Graphene Islands are Unidirectionally Aligned on the Ge(110) Surface",

abstract = "The unidirectional alignment of graphene islands is essential to the synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystal graphene on Ge(110) surface, but the underlying mechanism is not well-understood. Here we report that the necessary coalignment of the nucleating graphene islands on Ge(110) surface is caused by the presence of step-pattern; we show that on the preannealed Ge(110) textureless surface the graphene islands appear nonpreferentially orientated, while on the Ge(110) surfaces with natural step pattern, all graphene islands emerge coaligned. First-principles calculations and theoretical analysis reveal this different alignment behaviors originate from the strong chemical binding formed between the graphene island edges and the atomic steps on the Ge(110) surface, and the lattice matching at edge-step interface dictates the alignment of graphene islands with the armchair direction of graphene along the [−110] direction of the Ge(110) substrate.",

keywords = "Graphene, alignment, first-principles calculation, surface step, chemical bonding, lattice matching",

author = "Jiayun Dai and Danxia Wang and Miao Zhang and Tianchao Niu and Ang Li and Mao Ye and Shan Qiao and Guqiao Ding and Xiaoming Xie and Yongqiang Wang and Chu, {Paul K.} and Qinghong Yuan and Zengfeng Di and Xi Wang and Feng Ding and Yakobson, {Boris I.}",

year = "2016",

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doi = "10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00486",

language = "English",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - How Graphene Islands are Unidirectionally Aligned on the Ge(110) Surface

AU - Dai, Jiayun

AU - Wang, Danxia

AU - Zhang, Miao

AU - Niu, Tianchao

AU - Li, Ang

AU - Ye, Mao

AU - Qiao, Shan

AU - Ding, Guqiao

AU - Xie, Xiaoming

AU - Wang, Yongqiang

AU - Chu, Paul K.

AU - Yuan, Qinghong

AU - Di, Zengfeng

AU - Wang, Xi

AU - Ding, Feng

AU - Yakobson, Boris I.

PY - 2016/5/11

Y1 - 2016/5/11

N2 - The unidirectional alignment of graphene islands is essential to the synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystal graphene on Ge(110) surface, but the underlying mechanism is not well-understood. Here we report that the necessary coalignment of the nucleating graphene islands on Ge(110) surface is caused by the presence of step-pattern; we show that on the preannealed Ge(110) textureless surface the graphene islands appear nonpreferentially orientated, while on the Ge(110) surfaces with natural step pattern, all graphene islands emerge coaligned. First-principles calculations and theoretical analysis reveal this different alignment behaviors originate from the strong chemical binding formed between the graphene island edges and the atomic steps on the Ge(110) surface, and the lattice matching at edge-step interface dictates the alignment of graphene islands with the armchair direction of graphene along the [−110] direction of the Ge(110) substrate.

AB - The unidirectional alignment of graphene islands is essential to the synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystal graphene on Ge(110) surface, but the underlying mechanism is not well-understood. Here we report that the necessary coalignment of the nucleating graphene islands on Ge(110) surface is caused by the presence of step-pattern; we show that on the preannealed Ge(110) textureless surface the graphene islands appear nonpreferentially orientated, while on the Ge(110) surfaces with natural step pattern, all graphene islands emerge coaligned. First-principles calculations and theoretical analysis reveal this different alignment behaviors originate from the strong chemical binding formed between the graphene island edges and the atomic steps on the Ge(110) surface, and the lattice matching at edge-step interface dictates the alignment of graphene islands with the armchair direction of graphene along the [−110] direction of the Ge(110) substrate.

KW - Graphene

KW - alignment

KW - first-principles calculation

KW - surface step

KW - chemical bonding

KW - lattice matching

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U2 - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00486

DO - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00486

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

SN - 1530-6984

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SP - 3160

EP - 3165

JO - Nano Letters

JF - Nano Letters

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ER -

How Graphene Islands are Unidirectionally Aligned on the Ge(110) Surface

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