High bandwidth performance of newly designed multimode W-type microstructured plastic optical fibers with graded-index core distribution

Ana Simović; Branko Drljača; Milan S. Kovačević; Ljubica Kuzmanović; Alexandar Djordjevich; Konstantinos Aidinis; Changyuan Yu; Xiong Deng; Svetislav Savović

doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01411-6

High bandwidth performance of newly designed multimode W-type microstructured plastic optical fibers with graded-index core distribution

Ana Simović
, Branko Drljača
, Milan S. Kovačević
, Ljubica Kuzmanović
, Alexandar Djordjevich
, Konstantinos Aidinis
, Changyuan Yu
, Xiong Deng
, Svetislav Savović^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

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Abstract

A new design of multimode W-type (doubly clad) microstructured plastic optical fiber (mPOF) with graded-index (GI) distribution of the core is proposed, along with a methodology for examining transmission along it. The power flow equation’s (PFE) numerical solution yields the transmission properties of the W-type GI mPOF. We have demonstrated that the coupling length L_c at which an equilibrium mode distribution (EMD) is reached in W-type GI mPOF is shorter than the length experimentally found for the conventional singly- clad (SC) GI POF. This results from leaky mode losses, which lower the length L_c in W-type GI mPOF by lowering the amount of higher guided modes engaged in the coupling process. As a result, the bandwidth of W-type GI mPOF significantly increases. It is noteworthy that, when compared to the experimental bandwidth of commercially available conventional POFs, the bandwidth of the W-type GI mPOF proposed in this work is noticeably higher. Consequently, the bandwidth performance of short-haul communication lines may be significantly improved by using such a designed W-type GI mPOF. © The Author(s) 2025.

Original language	English
Article number	17108
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	15
Online published	16 May 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01411-6
Publication status	Published - 2025

Funding

A Funding for this study is provided by the grants from Serbian Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovations (Agreement No. 451-03-137/2025-03/200122; 451-03-65/2024-03/200123); by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (62001174) and Sichuan Outstanding Youth Science and Technology Talents Project (2022JDJQ0047); and by the grants from Ajman University (Grant ID: 2023-IRG-ENIT-14; 2024-IRG-ENIT-10).

Research Keywords

Bandwidth
Equilibrium mode distribution
Graded-index POF
Power flow equation
W-type microstructured POF

Publisher's Copyright Statement

This full text is made available under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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title = "High bandwidth performance of newly designed multimode W-type microstructured plastic optical fibers with graded-index core distribution",

abstract = "A new design of multimode W-type (doubly clad) microstructured plastic optical fiber (mPOF) with graded-index (GI) distribution of the core is proposed, along with a methodology for examining transmission along it. The power flow equation{\textquoteright}s (PFE) numerical solution yields the transmission properties of the W-type GI mPOF. We have demonstrated that the coupling length Lc at which an equilibrium mode distribution (EMD) is reached in W-type GI mPOF is shorter than the length experimentally found for the conventional singly- clad (SC) GI POF. This results from leaky mode losses, which lower the length Lc in W-type GI mPOF by lowering the amount of higher guided modes engaged in the coupling process. As a result, the bandwidth of W-type GI mPOF significantly increases. It is noteworthy that, when compared to the experimental bandwidth of commercially available conventional POFs, the bandwidth of the W-type GI mPOF proposed in this work is noticeably higher. Consequently, the bandwidth performance of short-haul communication lines may be significantly improved by using such a designed W-type GI mPOF. {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

keywords = "Bandwidth, Equilibrium mode distribution, Graded-index POF, Power flow equation, W-type microstructured POF",

author = "Ana Simovi{\'c} and Branko Drlja{\v c}a and Kova{\v c}evi{\'c}, \{Milan S.\} and Ljubica Kuzmanovi{\'c} and Alexandar Djordjevich and Konstantinos Aidinis and Changyuan Yu and Xiong Deng and Svetislav Savovi{\'c}",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1038/s41598-025-01411-6",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

journal = "Scientific Reports",

issn = "2045-2322",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - High bandwidth performance of newly designed multimode W-type microstructured plastic optical fibers with graded-index core distribution

AU - Simović, Ana

AU - Drljača, Branko

AU - Kovačević, Milan S.

AU - Kuzmanović, Ljubica

AU - Djordjevich, Alexandar

AU - Aidinis, Konstantinos

AU - Yu, Changyuan

AU - Deng, Xiong

AU - Savović, Svetislav

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - A new design of multimode W-type (doubly clad) microstructured plastic optical fiber (mPOF) with graded-index (GI) distribution of the core is proposed, along with a methodology for examining transmission along it. The power flow equation’s (PFE) numerical solution yields the transmission properties of the W-type GI mPOF. We have demonstrated that the coupling length Lc at which an equilibrium mode distribution (EMD) is reached in W-type GI mPOF is shorter than the length experimentally found for the conventional singly- clad (SC) GI POF. This results from leaky mode losses, which lower the length Lc in W-type GI mPOF by lowering the amount of higher guided modes engaged in the coupling process. As a result, the bandwidth of W-type GI mPOF significantly increases. It is noteworthy that, when compared to the experimental bandwidth of commercially available conventional POFs, the bandwidth of the W-type GI mPOF proposed in this work is noticeably higher. Consequently, the bandwidth performance of short-haul communication lines may be significantly improved by using such a designed W-type GI mPOF. © The Author(s) 2025.

AB - A new design of multimode W-type (doubly clad) microstructured plastic optical fiber (mPOF) with graded-index (GI) distribution of the core is proposed, along with a methodology for examining transmission along it. The power flow equation’s (PFE) numerical solution yields the transmission properties of the W-type GI mPOF. We have demonstrated that the coupling length Lc at which an equilibrium mode distribution (EMD) is reached in W-type GI mPOF is shorter than the length experimentally found for the conventional singly- clad (SC) GI POF. This results from leaky mode losses, which lower the length Lc in W-type GI mPOF by lowering the amount of higher guided modes engaged in the coupling process. As a result, the bandwidth of W-type GI mPOF significantly increases. It is noteworthy that, when compared to the experimental bandwidth of commercially available conventional POFs, the bandwidth of the W-type GI mPOF proposed in this work is noticeably higher. Consequently, the bandwidth performance of short-haul communication lines may be significantly improved by using such a designed W-type GI mPOF. © The Author(s) 2025.

KW - Bandwidth

KW - Equilibrium mode distribution

KW - Graded-index POF

KW - Power flow equation

KW - W-type microstructured POF

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DO - 10.1038/s41598-025-01411-6

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

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VL - 15

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

M1 - 17108

ER -

High bandwidth performance of newly designed multimode W-type microstructured plastic optical fibers with graded-index core distribution

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