TY - JOUR
T1 - Hierarchical assembly of Ti(iv)/Sn(ii) co-doped SnO2 nanosheets along sacrificial titanate nanowires
T2 - Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties
AU - Wang, Hongkang
AU - Xi, Liujiang
AU - Tucek, Jiri
AU - Zhan, Yawen
AU - Hung, Tak Fu
AU - Kershaw, Stephen V.
AU - Zboril, Radek
AU - Chung, C. Y.
AU - Rogach, Andrey L.
PY - 2013/10/7
Y1 - 2013/10/7
N2 - Hierarchical assembly of Ti(iv)/Sn(ii)-doped SnO2 nanosheets along titanate nanowires serving as both sacrificial templates and a Ti(iv) source is demonstrated, using SnCl2 as a tin precursor and Sn(ii) dopants and NaF as the morphology controlling agent. Excess fluoride inhibits the hydrolysis of SnCl2, promoting heterogeneous nucleation of Sn(ii)-doped SnO2 on the titanate nanowires due to the insufficient oxidization of Sn(ii) to Sn(iv). Simultaneously, titanate nanowires are dissolved forming Ti4+ species under the etching effect of in situ generated HF resulting in spontaneous Ti4+ ion doping of SnO 2 nanosheets formed under hydrothermal conditions. Compositional analysis indicates that Ti4+ ions are incorporated by substitution of Sn sites at a high level (16-18 at.%), with uniform distribution and no phase separation. Mössbauer spectroscopy quantified the relative content of Sn(ii) and Sn(iv) in both Sn(ii)-doped and Ti(iv)/Sn(ii) co-doped SnO 2 samples. Electrochemical properties were investigated as an anode material in lithium ion batteries, demonstrating that Ti-doped SnO2 nanosheets show improved cycle performance, which is attributed to the alleviation of inherent volume expansion of the SnO2-based anode materials by substituting part of Sn sites with Ti dopants. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
AB - Hierarchical assembly of Ti(iv)/Sn(ii)-doped SnO2 nanosheets along titanate nanowires serving as both sacrificial templates and a Ti(iv) source is demonstrated, using SnCl2 as a tin precursor and Sn(ii) dopants and NaF as the morphology controlling agent. Excess fluoride inhibits the hydrolysis of SnCl2, promoting heterogeneous nucleation of Sn(ii)-doped SnO2 on the titanate nanowires due to the insufficient oxidization of Sn(ii) to Sn(iv). Simultaneously, titanate nanowires are dissolved forming Ti4+ species under the etching effect of in situ generated HF resulting in spontaneous Ti4+ ion doping of SnO 2 nanosheets formed under hydrothermal conditions. Compositional analysis indicates that Ti4+ ions are incorporated by substitution of Sn sites at a high level (16-18 at.%), with uniform distribution and no phase separation. Mössbauer spectroscopy quantified the relative content of Sn(ii) and Sn(iv) in both Sn(ii)-doped and Ti(iv)/Sn(ii) co-doped SnO 2 samples. Electrochemical properties were investigated as an anode material in lithium ion batteries, demonstrating that Ti-doped SnO2 nanosheets show improved cycle performance, which is attributed to the alleviation of inherent volume expansion of the SnO2-based anode materials by substituting part of Sn sites with Ti dopants. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
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U2 - 10.1039/c3nr02456c
DO - 10.1039/c3nr02456c
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
SN - 2040-3364
VL - 5
SP - 9101
EP - 9109
JO - Nanoscale
JF - Nanoscale
IS - 19
ER -
