Gradient-distributed metal-halide dynamic memristors for adaptive and robust voiceprint recognition

Inspired by the auditory system’s capacity to process spatiotemporal sound patterns, voiceprint recognition plays a vital role in identity authentication and security. However, current platforms often face challenges of speech frequency and amplitude variability, hindering accurate feature extraction in noisy environments. To address these issues, a large-scale hybrid metal-halide dynamic memristor (MHDM) featuring an engineered gradient-distributed architecture is developed for adaptive voiceprint recognition. The spontaneously graded metal-halide functional layer allows for precise modulation of Schottky barriers and redistribution of interface charges. This design achieves µs-scale response, enhances noise tolerance (over 20% improvement in signal-to-noise ratio), and enables kHz-scale dynamic signal processing. Experimental results demonstrate that the MHDM achieves a voiceprint recognition accuracy of 99.3%, maintaining high performance at 93.2% even in realistic background noise. These findings demonstrate the system's potential for secure and efficient voiceprint recognition, combining scalability with robust performance in noisy environments. © The Author(s) 2026.