Geopolymer-based radiative cooling coating : Tailoring surface hydrophobic properties while retaining optical characteristics

The longevity of geopolymer-based radiative cooling coatings is questionable due to their hydrophilic nature. This study used four hydrophobic agents - sodium methyl silicate (SMS), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and triethoxyoctylsilane (TEOS) - to modify the surface hydrophobicity of geopolymer while maintaining its optical properties. The optimal agent contents were determined by optical performance and water contact angle: 5 % for SMS, 10 % for 50 cP viscosity PDMS, and a single-layer thickness for PTFE and TEOS (60 °C). The agents' working mechanisms were analyzed using FTIR and XRD characterization: SMS forms a hydrophobic alkylsilanol layer by reacting with the geopolymer's silanol group; PDMS lowers the geopolymer's surface energy with its hydrophobic methyl groups; PTFE's low electric polarizability is due to its fluorine content; and TEOS replaces the geopolymer surface's hydroxyl groups with hydrophobic octyl groups. The long-term durability of these modified coatings was evaluated through outdoor exposure tests, resulting in total solar reflectance losses of 0.74 %, 1.9 %, 3.9 %, and 0.05 % respectively. A slight reduction in the water contact angle confirmed their enduring hydrophobic characteristics. These modification methods open up possibilities for the practical use of hydrophobic geopolymer radiative cooling coatings. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.