TY - CHAP
T1 - Gasification of biomass for the production of syngas with reduced tar formation
AU - Xu, Chunbao Charles
AU - Hurley, Scott
N1 - Publication details (e.g. title, author(s), publication statuses and dates) are captured on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis at the time of record harvesting from the data source. Suggestions for further amendments or supplementary information can be sent to [email protected].
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Among all the biomass conversion technologies, gasification has attracted increasing research interest in recent decades, as biomass gasification combined with gas turbine, internal combustion engines and gas burners has great potential for large-scale green power generation (through IGCC, integrated gasification combine cycle) at higher efficiencies than the conventional pulverized coal-fired power generation. Gasification of biomass can be achieved by partial oxidation of the feedstock using air, O2 and steam or CO2, producing a low to medium-BTU syngas gas (4-15 MJ/Nm3), consisting primarily of CO, H2, CH4, CO2 and trace higher hydrocarbons (C2+C3). However, a major challenge for biomass gasification is the high yields of tars that are composed mainly of aromatics and complex poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In an air-blown fluidized bed gasifier for instance, typical tar contents in the producer gas are between 0.5 to 100 g/m3. For many applications, with the exception of direct and immediate syngas combustion for heat or electricity production, these tar levels must be reduced, often to below 50 mg/m3. Tars can have significant negative effects on gasification with respect to efficiency and operation. Specifically, the production of tars instead of combustible gases reduces the gasification efficiency, and condensation and deposition of tars at temperatures below 350oC can lead to fouling and potential blockage of downstream equipment and piping. Although the biomass-derived syngas with tar can be effectively cleaned up with the wet scrubbing technology, hot gas clean-up technology, preferably employing using catalysts, to remove these contaminants at the "hot" state is advantageous with respect to energy efficiencies as it eliminates the need to cool the product gas and re-heat again for the syngas applications (internal combustion, gas engines, fuel cells and methanol synthesis, etc.). The hydrocarbons and tars formed during the gasification process could be removed/suppressed at a hot state through steam/dry reforming or cracking/hydro-cracking reactions using catalysts. This chapter overviews various biomass gasification technologies and tar formation during gasification, tar reduction technologies, and catalysts for biomass gasification and tar reduction. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
AB - Among all the biomass conversion technologies, gasification has attracted increasing research interest in recent decades, as biomass gasification combined with gas turbine, internal combustion engines and gas burners has great potential for large-scale green power generation (through IGCC, integrated gasification combine cycle) at higher efficiencies than the conventional pulverized coal-fired power generation. Gasification of biomass can be achieved by partial oxidation of the feedstock using air, O2 and steam or CO2, producing a low to medium-BTU syngas gas (4-15 MJ/Nm3), consisting primarily of CO, H2, CH4, CO2 and trace higher hydrocarbons (C2+C3). However, a major challenge for biomass gasification is the high yields of tars that are composed mainly of aromatics and complex poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In an air-blown fluidized bed gasifier for instance, typical tar contents in the producer gas are between 0.5 to 100 g/m3. For many applications, with the exception of direct and immediate syngas combustion for heat or electricity production, these tar levels must be reduced, often to below 50 mg/m3. Tars can have significant negative effects on gasification with respect to efficiency and operation. Specifically, the production of tars instead of combustible gases reduces the gasification efficiency, and condensation and deposition of tars at temperatures below 350oC can lead to fouling and potential blockage of downstream equipment and piping. Although the biomass-derived syngas with tar can be effectively cleaned up with the wet scrubbing technology, hot gas clean-up technology, preferably employing using catalysts, to remove these contaminants at the "hot" state is advantageous with respect to energy efficiencies as it eliminates the need to cool the product gas and re-heat again for the syngas applications (internal combustion, gas engines, fuel cells and methanol synthesis, etc.). The hydrocarbons and tars formed during the gasification process could be removed/suppressed at a hot state through steam/dry reforming or cracking/hydro-cracking reactions using catalysts. This chapter overviews various biomass gasification technologies and tar formation during gasification, tar reduction technologies, and catalysts for biomass gasification and tar reduction. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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M3 - RGC 12 - Chapter in an edited book (Author)
SN - 9781612096810
SP - 253
EP - 272
BT - Gasification: Chemistry, Processes and Applications
PB - Nova Science Publishers
ER -
