From Homeland-Mother to Azhong-Brother: A qualitative study of nation anthropomorphism among Chinese youths

Nation anthropomorphism refers to the symbol and the symbolization process in which human-like characteristics are metaphorically attributed to a nation. In China, the Homeland-Mother (zu guo mu qin) is a widely accepted and familiar anthropomorphic image representing the nation. However, a brotherly national image named Azhong-Brother (a zhong ge ge) derived from fandom was created and went viral on social media platform with fierce controversy. Based on 23 qualitative interviews with Chinese young netizens of wide variations, this study explored the differences between these two symbols and how do Chinese youths identify with the nation and negotiate their self-identities amid the controversy surrounding the image of Azhong-Brother. We discussed the symbolic contestation between hegemonic and emergent masculinities within Azhong-Brother, the instrumental and sentimental national attachment associated with these symbols, and the intergroup conflicts arising from the negotiation of identities in relation to Azhong-Brother.