@inbook{2aba9aa0b1b5411ca90ae07a94a07822,
title = "Formal versus informal practices: Trade of medicinal and aromatic plants via Trans-Himalayan Silk Road",
abstract = "The trading of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) is a traditional means of livelihood in rural areas along the Trans-Himalayan Silk Road and is an important source of revenue for the government of Nepal. Researchers estimate that the officially recorded export value of Nepalese MAPs is many times less than the amount actually exported. MAPs in Nepal are harvested by individuals mostly from the wild and are channelled through intermediate actors within a confusing policy environment. An official permit is required to collect 'non-timber forest products' and the Department of Forestry is responsible for regulating the MAPs trade in Nepal by issuing permits and collecting revenue. The hidden economy and informal practices are thus more likely to be used in sectors where permissions are necessary for harvesting, locally transporting, and exporting any commodity.",
keywords = "Trans-Himalayan Silk Road, medicinal and aromatic plants, informal practices, Nepal",
author = "Arjun Chapagain",
note = "Full text of this publication does not contain sufficient affiliation information. With consent from the author(s) concerned, the Research Unit(s) information for this record is based on the existing academic department affiliation of the author(s).",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.5117/9789462988934_ch06",
language = "English",
isbn = "9789462988934",
series = "Global Asia",
publisher = "Amsterdam University Press",
pages = "145--161",
editor = "Hung, {Eva P.W.} and Tak-Wing Ngo",
booktitle = "Shadow Exchanges along the New Silk Roads",
}