Few-shot meta transfer learning-based damage detection of composite structures

Damage detection and localization using data-driven approaches in carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) composite structures is becoming increasingly important. However, the performance of conventional data-driven methods degrades greatly under little amount of data. In addition, the scarcity of data corresponding to defect/damage conditions of CFRP structures lead to extreme data imbalance, which make this problem even more challenging. To address these challenges of few training data and the scarcity of damage samples, this paper proposes a few-shot meta transfer learning (FMTL)-based approach for damage detection in CFRP composite structures. This method leverages knowledge learnt from an unbalanced data domain generated from a single CFRP composite sample and adapts the knowledge to be applied for other data domains generated by CFRP samples with different structural properties. The contributions of this research include demonstrating the feasibility of harnessing knowledge from notably limited experiment data, designing an algorithm for configuring hyperparameters based on a specific FMTL task, and identifying the impacts of hyperparameters on learning performances. Results show that FMTL can improve the recall rate by at least 15% while preserving the ability to identify health conditions. This method can be extremely useful when we need to monitor health condition of critical CFRP structures, like airplanes, because they can rarely generate data under damage conditions for model training. FMTL enables us to build new models based on unbalanced source domain data with the cost of a minimal set of samples from the target domain. © 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd