This paper comparative study between William Golding’s Lord of the Flies and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is based on psychoanalytical literary criticism with the application of anthropological research. The first part of the essay deals with the origin of fetishism in the novels, which arises from the horror against the unknown environment and appeases the anxiety through rituals. The second part analyzes ritualistic violence and transformation of identities which are brought out by fetishism as the catalyst of violence. The fetishes are projected with human desire and endowed with imaginary power, since they have become the dominant force of human life. The death of reason and alienation from humanity reflect the crisis of human existence, as it is stated in the third part that alienation is an inevitable step during men’s reconstruction of the environment. While men are in thrall to the power of their own creations, they cease to recognize their inner reality and become alienated from both the environment and the existent self.

本文從文學心理批評與文化人類學的角度對《蠅王》與《黑暗之心》進行比較研究。兩篇小說中的拜物主義同源於對未知環境的恐懼, 而通過拜物, 這種恐懼得以緩解。文章第一部分探討小說中物神的形象以及功能。第二部分研究拜物主義所引起的非理性狂熱、暴力崇拜與人物身份的轉換。小說中的人物將自身的欲望投射於崇拜物, 將其賦予超自然的力量。拜物主義成為人物命運的主宰與暴力的契機, 其血腥的祭儀帶來人類理性的毀滅。第三部分針對拜物主義所帶來的人性異化問題, 闡釋異化是人在改造環境時的必經之路。在對外物的崇拜中, 人性內在的本質卻被忽視。在與環境和自身的疏離過程中人被自己的造物所奴役, 遭遇自我存在的危機。