TY - JOUR
T1 - Extreme fast charge aging
T2 - Correlation between electrode scale and heterogeneous degradation in Ni-rich layered cathodes
AU - Yang, Zhenzhen
AU - Charalambous, Harry
AU - Lin, Yulin
AU - Trask, Stephen E.
AU - Yu, Lei
AU - Wen, Jianguo
AU - Jansen, Andrew
AU - Tsai, Yifen
AU - Wiaderek, Kamila M.
AU - Ren, Yang
AU - Bloom, Ira
PY - 2022/2/15
Y1 - 2022/2/15
N2 - Extreme fast charging (XFC) is a key requirement for the adoption of battery-based electric vehicles by the transportation sector. However, XFC has been shown to accelerate degradation, causing the capacity, life, and safety of batteries to deteriorate. There are no systematic studies in the open literature regarding aging modes in Ni-rich LiyNi0.aMn0.bCo0.cO2 (NMCabc) cathodes caused by fast charging. Herein, we report the effects of cathode composition and electrode loading in pouch cells containing NMC532, 622 and 811 paired with graphite and cycled under XFC conditions. The relative anisotropic volume change in the unit cell increases with Ni content in low-loading cells, while it levels up for all three NMC cathodes in high-loading cells because of substantial Li plating. The amounts of lithium plating and heterogeneity on the anode, determined by crystallographic phase quantification, were found to be correlated with electrode loading and cathode heterogeneity. The concentrations of the transition metals deposited on the anodes depend on NMCabc composition in a complex way. More particle cracking and surface degradation was found in NMC811. The findings in this work provide a new understanding of the failure mechanisms and their practical implications for compositional tuning of future high-Ni NMCabc cathode materials during fast charging.
AB - Extreme fast charging (XFC) is a key requirement for the adoption of battery-based electric vehicles by the transportation sector. However, XFC has been shown to accelerate degradation, causing the capacity, life, and safety of batteries to deteriorate. There are no systematic studies in the open literature regarding aging modes in Ni-rich LiyNi0.aMn0.bCo0.cO2 (NMCabc) cathodes caused by fast charging. Herein, we report the effects of cathode composition and electrode loading in pouch cells containing NMC532, 622 and 811 paired with graphite and cycled under XFC conditions. The relative anisotropic volume change in the unit cell increases with Ni content in low-loading cells, while it levels up for all three NMC cathodes in high-loading cells because of substantial Li plating. The amounts of lithium plating and heterogeneity on the anode, determined by crystallographic phase quantification, were found to be correlated with electrode loading and cathode heterogeneity. The concentrations of the transition metals deposited on the anodes depend on NMCabc composition in a complex way. More particle cracking and surface degradation was found in NMC811. The findings in this work provide a new understanding of the failure mechanisms and their practical implications for compositional tuning of future high-Ni NMCabc cathode materials during fast charging.
KW - Ageing mechanism
KW - Electrode loading
KW - Extreme fast charging (XFC)
KW - Li plating
KW - Ni-rich NMC cathodes
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UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122176997&origin=recordpage
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230961
DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230961
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 521
JO - Journal of Power Sources
JF - Journal of Power Sources
M1 - 230961
ER -
