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Abstract
Purpose: EPI is a fast acquisition sequence, but suffers from geometric distortion because of B0 field inhomogeneity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using ΔB0 map generated from single-shot CEST-EPI to achieve distortion self-correction (DISC).
Methods: CEST MRI usually requires B0 correction during postprocessing, and the ΔB0 map can be calculated directly from Z-spectra without extra scan. We propose to use the ΔB0 map to correct the geometry distortion induced by B0 field inhomogeneity in CEST-EPI. The effectiveness of DISC strategy for CEST-EPI was evaluated on a creatine phantom, healthy and tumor mice at 3 T, and AQP4 heterozygotes mice at 11.7 T. For both the original CEST images and the generated CEST contrast maps, the spatial improvement was first confirmed by the visual comparison and then quantitatively assessed by the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) comparison together with correlation analysis.
Results: DISC-CEST-EPI showed higher SSIM and spatial consistency compared to CEST-EPI when using CEST-rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement as a reference in vitro and in vivo at 3 T. For in vivo experiments at 11.7 T, SSIM values of amide proton transfer and relayed nuclear Overhauser effects maps of DISC-CEST-EPI were slightly higher than CEST-EPI and comparable with field-mapping and top-up.
Conclusion: DISC-CEST-EPI can correct the distortion in CEST-EPI at 3 T, leading to improved SSIM and CEST quantification. This approach has the potential to enhance image quality and improve diagnostic accuracy for single-shot CEST-EPI at especially low-field MRI. However, the performance of DISC-CEST-EPI is limited at 11.7 T, and further advancements are necessary to enhance its functionality at ultra-high fields.
© 2025 The Author(s). Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Methods: CEST MRI usually requires B0 correction during postprocessing, and the ΔB0 map can be calculated directly from Z-spectra without extra scan. We propose to use the ΔB0 map to correct the geometry distortion induced by B0 field inhomogeneity in CEST-EPI. The effectiveness of DISC strategy for CEST-EPI was evaluated on a creatine phantom, healthy and tumor mice at 3 T, and AQP4 heterozygotes mice at 11.7 T. For both the original CEST images and the generated CEST contrast maps, the spatial improvement was first confirmed by the visual comparison and then quantitatively assessed by the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) comparison together with correlation analysis.
Results: DISC-CEST-EPI showed higher SSIM and spatial consistency compared to CEST-EPI when using CEST-rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement as a reference in vitro and in vivo at 3 T. For in vivo experiments at 11.7 T, SSIM values of amide proton transfer and relayed nuclear Overhauser effects maps of DISC-CEST-EPI were slightly higher than CEST-EPI and comparable with field-mapping and top-up.
Conclusion: DISC-CEST-EPI can correct the distortion in CEST-EPI at 3 T, leading to improved SSIM and CEST quantification. This approach has the potential to enhance image quality and improve diagnostic accuracy for single-shot CEST-EPI at especially low-field MRI. However, the performance of DISC-CEST-EPI is limited at 11.7 T, and further advancements are necessary to enhance its functionality at ultra-high fields.
© 2025 The Author(s). Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 555-568 |
| Journal | Magnetic Resonance in Medicine |
| Volume | 95 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Online published | 29 Aug 2025 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2026 |
Funding
We acknowledge the funding supports from Research Grants Council (11102218, 11200422, CityUHK RFS2223\u20101S02), Health and Medical Research Fund (21222621), Innovation and Technology Fund (MHP/076/23), Innovation and Technology Commission\u2014InnoHK\u2014Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro\u2010cardiovascular Health Engineering, City University of Hong Kong (7005626, 7030012, 9609321 and 9610616), Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, The University of Hong Kong (109000487, 204610401, 204610519, and 2409100331), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402225). We thank the ISMRM Reproducible Research Study Group for conducting a code review of the code (Version 1.0.0) supplied in the Data Availability Statement. The scope of the code review covered only the code's ease of download, quality of documentation, and ability to run, but did not consider scientific accuracy or code efficiency.
Research Keywords
- CEST
- distortion
- EPI
- self-correction
- ΔB0 map
Publisher's Copyright Statement
- This full text is made available under CC-BY 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
RGC Funding Information
- RGC-funded
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