Enhancing SIL Radar Efficiency for Wrist Pulse Detection: A Comparator-Counter Approach

Haotian Shi; Zhi Zheng; Bo Wang; Yongxin Guo

doi:10.1109/TAP.2025.3624680

Enhancing SIL Radar Efficiency for Wrist Pulse Detection: A Comparator-Counter Approach

Haotian Shi
, Zhi Zheng
, Bo Wang
, Yongxin Guo^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

Abstract

In this work, a novel approach to wrist pulse detection using a Self-Injection-Locked (SIL) radar system is proposed, replacing the traditional Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) based design with a comparator-counter system. The proposed system simplifies the signal processing pipeline by enabling direct hardware-level detection of heartbeat events using binary outputs, thereby reducing power consumption and minimizing data storage requirements. This hardware innovation is complemented by a Signal Quality Index (SQI) algorithm tailored for binary data, which filters the detected signals to improve the accuracy and reliability of heart rate detection. The system’s performance has been evaluated through extensive experiments. Results show that the system maintains good accuracy in heartbeat detection, demonstrating its potential for real-time, long-term monitoring. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

Original language	English
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3624680
Publication status	Online published - 28 Oct 2025

Funding

Manuscript received x xx, 2025. This work was supported in part by the Advanced Research and Technology Innovation Centre (ARTIC), the National University of Singapore, under Grant WDSS-RP2, in part by the Startup Grant for Professor (SGP) —CityU SGP, City University of Hong Kong under Grant 9380170. (Corresponding author: Yongxin Guo.) This work involved human subjects. Approval of all ethical and experimental procedures and protocols was granted by the National University of Singapore Institutional Review Board under Application No. NUS-IRB-2022-546.

Research Keywords

Binary signal processing
Comparator-counter system
Heart rate monitoring
Self-injection-locked (SIL) radar
Signal quality index (SQI)

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10.1109/TAP.2025.3624680

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title = "Enhancing SIL Radar Efficiency for Wrist Pulse Detection: A Comparator-Counter Approach",

abstract = "In this work, a novel approach to wrist pulse detection using a Self-Injection-Locked (SIL) radar system is proposed, replacing the traditional Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) based design with a comparator-counter system. The proposed system simplifies the signal processing pipeline by enabling direct hardware-level detection of heartbeat events using binary outputs, thereby reducing power consumption and minimizing data storage requirements. This hardware innovation is complemented by a Signal Quality Index (SQI) algorithm tailored for binary data, which filters the detected signals to improve the accuracy and reliability of heart rate detection. The system{\textquoteright}s performance has been evaluated through extensive experiments. Results show that the system maintains good accuracy in heartbeat detection, demonstrating its potential for real-time, long-term monitoring. {\textcopyright} 1963-2012 IEEE.",

keywords = "Binary signal processing, Comparator-counter system, Heart rate monitoring, Self-injection-locked (SIL) radar, Signal quality index (SQI)",

author = "Haotian Shi and Zhi Zheng and Bo Wang and Yongxin Guo",

year = "2025",

month = oct,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1109/TAP.2025.3624680",

language = "English",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation",

issn = "0018-926X",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Enhancing SIL Radar Efficiency for Wrist Pulse Detection

T2 - A Comparator-Counter Approach

AU - Shi, Haotian

AU - Zheng, Zhi

AU - Wang, Bo

AU - Guo, Yongxin

PY - 2025/10/28

Y1 - 2025/10/28

N2 - In this work, a novel approach to wrist pulse detection using a Self-Injection-Locked (SIL) radar system is proposed, replacing the traditional Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) based design with a comparator-counter system. The proposed system simplifies the signal processing pipeline by enabling direct hardware-level detection of heartbeat events using binary outputs, thereby reducing power consumption and minimizing data storage requirements. This hardware innovation is complemented by a Signal Quality Index (SQI) algorithm tailored for binary data, which filters the detected signals to improve the accuracy and reliability of heart rate detection. The system’s performance has been evaluated through extensive experiments. Results show that the system maintains good accuracy in heartbeat detection, demonstrating its potential for real-time, long-term monitoring. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

AB - In this work, a novel approach to wrist pulse detection using a Self-Injection-Locked (SIL) radar system is proposed, replacing the traditional Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) based design with a comparator-counter system. The proposed system simplifies the signal processing pipeline by enabling direct hardware-level detection of heartbeat events using binary outputs, thereby reducing power consumption and minimizing data storage requirements. This hardware innovation is complemented by a Signal Quality Index (SQI) algorithm tailored for binary data, which filters the detected signals to improve the accuracy and reliability of heart rate detection. The system’s performance has been evaluated through extensive experiments. Results show that the system maintains good accuracy in heartbeat detection, demonstrating its potential for real-time, long-term monitoring. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

KW - Binary signal processing

KW - Comparator-counter system

KW - Heart rate monitoring

KW - Self-injection-locked (SIL) radar

KW - Signal quality index (SQI)

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020315616

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105020315616&origin=recordpage

U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2025.3624680

DO - 10.1109/TAP.2025.3624680

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

SN - 0018-926X

JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

ER -

Enhancing SIL Radar Efficiency for Wrist Pulse Detection: A Comparator-Counter Approach

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