Enhanced Error-Free Retrieval in Kuramoto-Type Associative-Memory Networks via Two-Memory Configuration

We study the associative-memory network of Kuramoto-type oscillators that stores a set of memorized patterns (memories). In [Physical Review Letters 92 (2004): 108101], Nishikawa et al. showed that the capacity of this system for pattern retrieval with small errors can be made as high as that of the Hopfield network. Some stability analysis efforts focus on mutually orthogonal memories; however, the theoretical results do not ensure error-free retrieval in general situations. In this paper, we present a route for using the model in pattern retrieval problems with small or large errors. We employ the eigenspectrum analysis of Jacobians and potential analysis of the gradient flow to derive the stability/instability of binary patterns. For two memories, the eigenspectrum of Jacobian at each pattern can be specified, which enables us to give the critical value of the parameter to distinguish the memories from all other patterns in stability. This setting of two memories substantially reduces the number of stable patterns and enlarges their basins, allowing us to recover defective patterns. We extend this approach to general cases and present a deterministic method for ensuring error-free retrieval across a general set of standard patterns. Numerical simulations and comparative analyses illustrate the approach. © 2026 Wiley Periodicals LLC.