Engineering biomass into formaldehyde-free phenolic resin for composite materials

Yongsheng Zhang; Zhongshun Yuan; Chunbao Xu

doi:10.1002/aic.14716

Engineering biomass into formaldehyde-free phenolic resin for composite materials

Yongsheng Zhang, Zhongshun Yuan^*, Chunbao Xu

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

52 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The use of formaldehyde to prepare phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the primary challenges for the world-wide PF industry with respect to both sustainability and human health. This study reports a novel one-pot synthesis process for phenol-5-hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin as a formaldehyde-free phenolic resin using phenol and glucose, and the curing of the phenolic resin with a green curing agent organosolv lignin (OL) or Kraft lignin (KL). Evidenced by ¹³C NMR, the curing mechanism involves alkylation reaction between the hydoxyalkyl groups of lignin and the ortho- and para-carbon of PHMF phenolic hydroxyl group. The curing kinetics was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the kinetic parameters were obtained. The OL/KL cured PHMF resins were tested in terms of thermal stability, and mechanical properties for their applications in fiberglass reinforced composite materials. The results obtained demonstrated that OL/KL can be promising curing agents for the PHMF resins. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1275-1283
Journal	AIChE Journal
Volume	61
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.14716
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2015
Externally published	Yes

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Publication details (e.g. title, author(s), publication statuses and dates) are captured on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis at the time of record harvesting from the data source. Suggestions for further amendments or supplementary information can be sent to [email protected].

Research Keywords

Curing kinetics
Fiberglass reinforced composite materials
Formaldehyde-free
Lignin
Sustainable phenolic resin

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title = "Engineering biomass into formaldehyde-free phenolic resin for composite materials",

abstract = "The use of formaldehyde to prepare phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the primary challenges for the world-wide PF industry with respect to both sustainability and human health. This study reports a novel one-pot synthesis process for phenol-5-hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin as a formaldehyde-free phenolic resin using phenol and glucose, and the curing of the phenolic resin with a green curing agent organosolv lignin (OL) or Kraft lignin (KL). Evidenced by 13C NMR, the curing mechanism involves alkylation reaction between the hydoxyalkyl groups of lignin and the ortho- and para-carbon of PHMF phenolic hydroxyl group. The curing kinetics was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the kinetic parameters were obtained. The OL/KL cured PHMF resins were tested in terms of thermal stability, and mechanical properties for their applications in fiberglass reinforced composite materials. The results obtained demonstrated that OL/KL can be promising curing agents for the PHMF resins. {\textcopyright} 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.",

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AU - Zhang, Yongsheng

AU - Yuan, Zhongshun

AU - Xu, Chunbao

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N2 - The use of formaldehyde to prepare phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the primary challenges for the world-wide PF industry with respect to both sustainability and human health. This study reports a novel one-pot synthesis process for phenol-5-hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin as a formaldehyde-free phenolic resin using phenol and glucose, and the curing of the phenolic resin with a green curing agent organosolv lignin (OL) or Kraft lignin (KL). Evidenced by 13C NMR, the curing mechanism involves alkylation reaction between the hydoxyalkyl groups of lignin and the ortho- and para-carbon of PHMF phenolic hydroxyl group. The curing kinetics was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the kinetic parameters were obtained. The OL/KL cured PHMF resins were tested in terms of thermal stability, and mechanical properties for their applications in fiberglass reinforced composite materials. The results obtained demonstrated that OL/KL can be promising curing agents for the PHMF resins. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

AB - The use of formaldehyde to prepare phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the primary challenges for the world-wide PF industry with respect to both sustainability and human health. This study reports a novel one-pot synthesis process for phenol-5-hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin as a formaldehyde-free phenolic resin using phenol and glucose, and the curing of the phenolic resin with a green curing agent organosolv lignin (OL) or Kraft lignin (KL). Evidenced by 13C NMR, the curing mechanism involves alkylation reaction between the hydoxyalkyl groups of lignin and the ortho- and para-carbon of PHMF phenolic hydroxyl group. The curing kinetics was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the kinetic parameters were obtained. The OL/KL cured PHMF resins were tested in terms of thermal stability, and mechanical properties for their applications in fiberglass reinforced composite materials. The results obtained demonstrated that OL/KL can be promising curing agents for the PHMF resins. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

KW - Curing kinetics

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KW - Formaldehyde-free

KW - Lignin

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Engineering biomass into formaldehyde-free phenolic resin for composite materials

Abstract

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