Emerging Intelligent Manufacturing of Metal Halide Perovskites

The incorporation of high-precision intelligent manufacturing technologies into patterned metal halide perovskite production has attracted scientific and commercial interest because of advantages in terms of designable and controllable processes, multiscale and multimaterial construction strategies, and improved energy-conversion performance. Here, the current developments in intelligent manufacturing technologies are reviewed for patterned and tailored perovskite structures. Six high-precision approaches, namely, nanoimprint lithography, space-confined growth, ink-based direct printing, laser-induced nucleation, modification using a laser, and high-energy etching, are investigated and summarized. The focus of the review is on the basic principles of intelligent manufacturing methods, process optimization, and controllable perovskite microstructures. Additionally, the performance improvements of patterned and tailored perovskites and their devices, including photodetectors, solar cells, lasers, information storage and encryption devices, anticounterfeiting devices, and full-color display applications, are discussed. The potential future applications of shaped perovskites fabricated via intelligent manufacturing technologies are promising.