Emerging halides as a new class of high-performance cathodes

The development of high energy density and cost-effective cathodes is critical to next-generation rechargeable batteries. This review provides a systematic summary of earth-abundant, conversion-based halide cathodes that could rival the capacity limitations of traditional layered oxide cathodes based on intercalation chemistry. Halide materials and their properties, interfacial reactions and interphase formation, associated electrolyte chemistry, and advanced simulation techniques are analyzed in-depth and critically discussed. Beyond Lithium, extended applications such as Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Magnesium, Calcium, Copper, and Aluminium batteries are also included. The goal is to deepen understanding and accelerate the research on halide cathodes, with the expectation that these insights will enhance the battery capacity and improve cycling performance. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.