Effect of shear span-to-depth ratio on shear strength components of RC beams

The additive model of shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) members, i.e. shear strength (V) is equal to the sum of the contribution from concrete (V_c) and that from transverse reinforcement (V_s), has been widely accepted in the literature and engineering practice. Shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) is known to be a significant factor affecting V of RC members. However, very few quantitative studies on the influence of a/d on V_c and V_s have been reported in the literature. Another issue is related to the controversial relationship between the shear force at first diagonal cracking (V_cr) and V_c for which different guidelines are given in ACI, AASHTO LRFD and CSA codes. Through direct measurement of V_c and V_s from 11 RC beam tests, this work provides experimental evidence for these issues. The experimental results show that V_c can be very different from V_cr. At small shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d), V_c is much larger than V_cr while it is the opposite for beams with a large a/d value. Not all stirrups crossing the critical shear crack yield at ultimate shear strength, and V_c as well as V_s are not constant under increasing member deformation. Although design codes give a conservative prediction of V, they predict an un-conservative value of V_c at large a/d.