Economic Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems with Robust Thermal Comfort Management

The heat and electricity integrated energy systems (HE-IESs) have a bright prospect in future energy systems owing to their excellent economic and environmental performance. Many uncertain factors in the HE-IESs, such as renewable energy sources, electrical load, and weather factors, threaten the secure and economical operation of systems as well as the thermal comfort of end-users. In this article, the uncertainties that affect the thermal comfort of end-users are modeled comprehensively, including building parameters, weather factors, and human behavior. Then, a two-stage adaptive robust economic dispatch (ARED) model with a robust thermal comfort management strategy is proposed for the operation of HE-IESs, where different policies are adopted to deal with multiple uncertainties based on their different properties. The ARED model is four-level programming with a static robust inner problem, making it computationally intractable. Hence, a sampling-based approximation method is proposed for the robust inner problem to convert the ARED model into a two-stage robust optimization with a linear recourse problem, and then the column-and-constraint generation method is used to solve it. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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