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dpdata: A Scalable Python Toolkit for Atomistic Machine Learning Data Sets

  • 39 authors, inclduing
  • , Jinzhe Zeng*
  • , Kaiwei Wan
  • , Linfeng Zhang*
  • , Han Wang*
  • *Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

Abstract

Seamless management of atomistic data sets is a critical prerequisite for the successful development and deployment of machine learning potentials (MLPs). Here, we present dpdata, an open-source Python library designed to streamline every aspect of MLP data handling. Built upon a flexible, plugin-based architecture, dpdata supports reading, writing, and converting between a broad range of file formats─from popular quantum-chemistry packages and molecular-dynamics engines to specialized MLP frameworks. Users may define custom data types, formats, drivers, and minimizers, enabling effortless extension to emerging software. Key utilities include automated train-test splitting, coordinate perturbation for active learning, outlier-energy removal, Δ-learning data set generation, error-metric computation, and unit conversion. Through efficient NumPy-backed storage and system-level operations, dpdata achieves significant memory saving and inference speedups over configuration-by-configuration tools such as ASE. We also highlight practical impact, with dpdata used across published studies, for format conversion, data storage, coordinate perturbation, and utilization in other projects for data processing. © 2025 American Chemical Society.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)11497–11504
Number of pages8
JournalJournal of Chemical Information and Modeling
Volume65
Issue number21
Online published20 Oct 2025
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 10 Nov 2025

Funding

The work of Jinzhe Zeng is supported by the Advanced Materials - National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2025ZD0618700). The work of Haidi Wang is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 22203026). The work of M.R. is supported by the VEGA Project No. 1/0640/20 and by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under Contract No. APVV-19-0371. The work of D.L. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 92370104). The work of Han Wang is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1004300). P.T. acknowledges the BIDMaP fellowship. J.-X.Z. gratefully acknowledges Xiamen University and iChEM for a Ph.D. studentship. Computing resources were provided by the Supercomputing Center of the University of Science and Technology of China, and the Bohrium platform from DP Technology.

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