Discrete Modeling of Aging Creep in Concrete

Understanding concrete creep aging is essential for ensuring structural safety and long-term durability, while the lack of robust numerical models limits the ability to thoroughly investigate and accurately predict time-dependent deformation and cracking behaviors. This study proposes a numerical framework integrating a discrete model and the microprestress solidification (MPS) theory to describe the aging creep and quasi-static performance of concrete at early-age and beyond. Hydration kinetics were formulated into constitutive equations to consider the time-dependent evolution of elastic modulus, strength, and fracture properties. Derived from the MPS theory, a unified creep model is developed within the equivalent rheological framework based on strain additivity. This formulation accounts for both visco-elastic and purely viscous creep phases while coupling environmental humidity effects with aging through the hydration degree. The proposed model is validated against experimental datasets encompassing diverse curing conditions, loading histories, and environmental exposures. The simulation results demonstrate that extended curing age enhances concrete strength (compression and fracture), while increased curing temperature has minimal impact due to the competing effects of microstructural refinement and thermal microcracking; both drying-induced transient creep and thermally induced microcracking contribute to increased creep deformation, driven by changes in microprestress resulting from variations in the chemical potential of nanopore water. The proposed numerical model can provide an effective tool to design and predict the long-term performance of concrete under various environmental conditions. © 2025 by the authors.