Development and Challenges of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Modules

Metal halide perovskites are considered as game changers for future solar cell technology due to their rapidly increasing device efficiencies and potential for manufacturing at low cost. In view of their promising commercial potential, increasing research efforts are now dedicated to the development of large-area perovskite solar modules. Herein, the motivation for developing perovskite solar modules and the challenges to fabricate large-area perovskite solar cells with high efficiency are discussed. The important thin-film processing methods including solution-based and vacuum-based deposition technologies for scaling up the fabrication of perovskites are reviewed. In addition, other key challenges that need to be overcome to bring perovskite solar modules into photovoltaic (PV) markets are also discussed, including module stability, potential lead leakage issue, and outdoor field testing of the perovskite modules. Finally, opinions on the future development of perovskite PV modules are shared.