Design of Directional Circularly-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Different Radiating Angles

Qiheng Huang; Kwok Wa Leung

doi:10.2528/PIERC25072204

Design of Directional Circularly-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Different Radiating Angles

Qiheng Huang, Kwok Wa Leung^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

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Abstract

A directional circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna for different main-beam angles is designed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. It is a single-feed, single-layer structure. For demonstration, the main-beam angle θ is designed at 30^◦ and a 5G frequency of 5.8 GHz. To verify our design, a prototype is fabricated using 3D-printing technology. Its reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, realized gain, and the total antenna efficiency are measured. Measured results show good agreement with simulated ones. The prototype has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 37.24% (4.84–7 GHz), a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 15.52% (5.3–6.2 GHz), a peak gain of 5.87 dBi, and a peak total antenna efficiency of 96%. It has a low profile of 0.2λ₀, where λ₀ is the free-space wavelength at 5.8 GHz. © 2026, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	136-144
Number of pages	9
Journal	Progress In Electromagnetics Research C
Volume	166
Online published	19 Feb 2026
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC25072204
Publication status	Published - 2026

Funding

This work was supported by the International Cooperation Research Program of Guangzhou Development District under Grant 2023GH06. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their useful comments.

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This full text is made available under CC-BY 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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title = "Design of Directional Circularly-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Different Radiating Angles",

abstract = "A directional circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna for different main-beam angles is designed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. It is a single-feed, single-layer structure. For demonstration, the main-beam angle θ is designed at 30◦ and a 5G frequency of 5.8 GHz. To verify our design, a prototype is fabricated using 3D-printing technology. Its reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, realized gain, and the total antenna efficiency are measured. Measured results show good agreement with simulated ones. The prototype has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 37.24% (4.84–7 GHz), a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 15.52% (5.3–6.2 GHz), a peak gain of 5.87 dBi, and a peak total antenna efficiency of 96%. It has a low profile of 0.2λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 5.8 GHz. {\textcopyright} 2026, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.",

author = "Qiheng Huang and Leung, {Kwok Wa}",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.2528/PIERC25072204",

language = "English",

volume = "166",

pages = "136--144",

journal = "Progress In Electromagnetics Research C",

issn = "1937-8718",

publisher = "Electromagnetics Academy",

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T1 - Design of Directional Circularly-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Different Radiating Angles

AU - Huang, Qiheng

AU - Leung, Kwok Wa

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - A directional circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna for different main-beam angles is designed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. It is a single-feed, single-layer structure. For demonstration, the main-beam angle θ is designed at 30◦ and a 5G frequency of 5.8 GHz. To verify our design, a prototype is fabricated using 3D-printing technology. Its reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, realized gain, and the total antenna efficiency are measured. Measured results show good agreement with simulated ones. The prototype has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 37.24% (4.84–7 GHz), a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 15.52% (5.3–6.2 GHz), a peak gain of 5.87 dBi, and a peak total antenna efficiency of 96%. It has a low profile of 0.2λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 5.8 GHz. © 2026, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

AB - A directional circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna for different main-beam angles is designed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. It is a single-feed, single-layer structure. For demonstration, the main-beam angle θ is designed at 30◦ and a 5G frequency of 5.8 GHz. To verify our design, a prototype is fabricated using 3D-printing technology. Its reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, realized gain, and the total antenna efficiency are measured. Measured results show good agreement with simulated ones. The prototype has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 37.24% (4.84–7 GHz), a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 15.52% (5.3–6.2 GHz), a peak gain of 5.87 dBi, and a peak total antenna efficiency of 96%. It has a low profile of 0.2λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 5.8 GHz. © 2026, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

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U2 - 10.2528/PIERC25072204

DO - 10.2528/PIERC25072204

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

SN - 1937-8718

VL - 166

SP - 136

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JO - Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

JF - Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

ER -

Design of Directional Circularly-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Different Radiating Angles

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