DAG-Order: An Order-Based Dynamic DAG Scheduling for Real-Time Networks-on-Chip

With the high-performance requirement of safety-critical real-time tasks, the platforms of many-core processors with high parallelism are widely utilized, where network-on-chip (NoC) is generally employed for inter-core communication due to its scalability and high efficiency. Unfortunately, large uncertainties are suffered on NoCs from both the overly parallel architecture and the distributed scheduling strategy (e.g., wormhole flow control), which complicates the response time upper bounds estimation (i.e., either unsafe or pessimistic). For DAG-based real-time parallel tasks, to solve this problem, we propose DAG-Order, an order-based dynamic DAG scheduling approach, which strictly guarantees NoC real-time services. First, rather than build the new analysis to fit the widely used best-effort wormhole NoC, DAG-Order is built upon a kind of advanced low-latency NoC with SLT (Single-cycle Long-range Traversal) to avoid the unpredictable parallel transmission on the shared source-destination link of wormhole NoCs. Second, DAG-Order is a non-preemptive dynamic scheduling strategy, which jointly considers communication as well as computation workloads, and fits SLT NoC. With such an order-based dynamic scheduling strategy, the provably bound safety is ensured by enforcing certain order constraints among DAG edges/vertices that eliminate the execution-timing anomaly at runtime. Third, the order constraints are further relaxed for higher average-case runtime performance without compromising bound safety. Finally, an effective heuristic algorithm seeking a proper schedule order is developed to tighten the bounds. Experiments on synthetic and realistic benchmarks demonstrate that DAG-Order performs better than the state-of-the-art related scheduling methods. © 2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.