Coupled commensurate charge density wave and lattice distortion in Na2Ti2Pn2 O (Pn=As,Sb) determined by x-ray diffraction and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

We report single-crystal x-ray-diffraction measurements on Na2Ti2Pn2O(Pn=As,Sb) which reveal a charge superstructure that appears below the density wave transitions previously observed in bulk data. From symmetry-constrained structure refinements we establish that the associated distortion mode can be described by two propagation vectors q1=(1/2,0,l) and q2=(0,1/2,l) with l=0 (Sb) or l=1/2 (As) and primarily involves in-plane displacements of the Ti atoms perpendicular to the Ti-O bonds. We also present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, which show band folding and backbending consistent with a density wave with the same wave-vectors q1 and q2 associated with Fermi-surface nesting, and muon-spin relaxation data, which show no indication of spin density wave order. The results provide direct evidence for phonon-assisted charge density wave order in Na2Ti2Pn2O and fully characterize a proximate ordered phase that could compete with superconductivity in doped BaTi2Sb2O.