Cooling from aerosol–radiation interaction of anthropogenic coarse particles in China

Climate assessments have largely overlooked the radiative effect of anthropogenic coarse particulate matter (PM_coarse, with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 µm) in China. Despite its similar mass concentration to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), anthropogenic sources of PM_coarse in China have been much less studied and typically underrepresented in models. Here, we present a new model simulation for PM_coarse in China that incorporates various anthropogenic sources. The model successfully captures the magnitude and distribution of observed PM_coarse and recently available aerosol optical depth measurements at near-infrared wavelengths, which are substantially underestimated if anthropogenic PM_coarse is not included. We find that anthropogenic PM_coarse exerts a cooling effect of -0.11 Wm⁻² (-0.03 to -0.42 Wm⁻²) in China by aerosol–radiation interaction, capable of completely offsetting the warming effect from black carbon by 2060 under Dynamic Projection model for Emissions in China (DPEC) 1.1 scenario. We conclude that the radiative effect due to anthropogenic PM_coarse will likely dampen the warming penalty caused by the emission reduction of other aerosols in China and should be incorporated into climate models. © The Author(s) 2024.