Barriers and challenges to implement integrated project delivery in China

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) improves construction project performance. In China, though IPD is known due to its theoretical advantages and benefits, effective implementation of IPD in construction projects is rare. This may be caused by some existing barriers and problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers to adopt IPD in Chinese construction. Critical factors of IPD implementation were reviewed, and face-to-face interviews with experts were carried out to collect industry views. Nanjing, China was selected as the location to carry out the research. The results revealed that the confidence of using IPD is not strong. In particular, adversarial relationships, legal issues, and lack of owner willingness may block the implementation of IPD in China. It is suggested to adopt positive mechanisms to push for the early involvement of diverse participants. In terms of the contract mechanisms, future studies should involve a standard framework, gradual project procurement process, collaboration-oriented risk and rewards system, and necessary techniques to improve integrative operations.