Balancing carrier transport in interconnection layer for efficient perovskite/organic tandem solar cells

Yidan An; Nan Zhang; Qi Liu; Wenlin Jiang; Gengxin Du; Desui Chen; Ming Liu; Xiaofeng Huang; Tingfeng Lei; Quanrun Qiu; Francis R. Lin; Xiao Cheng Zeng; Alex K.-Y. Jen; Hin-Lap Yip

doi:10.1038/s41467-025-58047-3

Balancing carrier transport in interconnection layer for efficient perovskite/organic tandem solar cells

Yidan An (Co-first Author)
, Nan Zhang (Co-first Author)
, Qi Liu
, Wenlin Jiang
, Gengxin Du
, Desui Chen
, Ming Liu
, Xiaofeng Huang
, Tingfeng Lei
, Quanrun Qiu
, Francis R. Lin
, Xiao Cheng Zeng
, Alex K.-Y. Jen
, Hin-Lap Yip^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

63 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

While individual perovskite and organic solar cells have demonstrated remarkable performance, achieving similar success in high-efficiency perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (TSCs) has been challenging, primarily due to large voltage deficits and severe non-radiative recombination. By exploring the fundamental mechanisms of carrier losses, we identify that imbalanced carrier transport, particularly inadequate hole transport in the organic subcell significantly limits the overall performance of perovskite/organic TSCs. Herein, we implement a hole transport self-assembled monolayer (SAM) anchored to MoO₃, which converts the inherently n-type MoO₃ to a p-type surface. Further, a SAM/MoO₃/SAM sandwich hole transport configuration is introduced, which significantly enhances hole extraction, facilitating a more balanced carrier transport, and markedly suppressing non-radiative recombination at the interconnection layer (ICL). The resulting perovskite/organic TSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.05%, with an open-circuit voltage of 2.21 V (certified at 2.216 V) and enhanced operation stability. © The Author(s) 2025.

Original language	English
Article number	2759
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	16
Online published	20 Mar 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58047-3
Publication status	Published - 2025

Funding

We thank S. Liu and K. Zhang from the South China University of Technology for providing the TPC and TPV measurement equipment. H.L.Y. acknowledges financial support from the Research Grant Council (RGC) of Hong Kong (GRF No. 11307323), the NSFC/RGC Collaborative Research Scheme (CRS_CityU104/23), the Innovation Technology Fund (GHP/394/22GD and MRP/040/21X), the Green Technology Fund (GTF202020164), and the Seed Collaborative Research Fund (No. SCRF/0069) provided by the State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution at City University of Hong Kong. Open Access was made possible with partial support from the Open Access Publishing Fund of the City University of Hong Kong.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Publisher's Copyright Statement

This full text is made available under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

RGC Funding Information

RGC-funded

ESI Highly Cited Papers

Highly Cited Paper 2026

ESI Highly Cited Paper Designation Date(s)

20260514
20260312
20260709
20260923

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10.1038/s41467-025-58047-3

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title = "Balancing carrier transport in interconnection layer for efficient perovskite/organic tandem solar cells",

abstract = "While individual perovskite and organic solar cells have demonstrated remarkable performance, achieving similar success in high-efficiency perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (TSCs) has been challenging, primarily due to large voltage deficits and severe non-radiative recombination. By exploring the fundamental mechanisms of carrier losses, we identify that imbalanced carrier transport, particularly inadequate hole transport in the organic subcell significantly limits the overall performance of perovskite/organic TSCs. Herein, we implement a hole transport self-assembled monolayer (SAM) anchored to MoO3, which converts the inherently n-type MoO3 to a p-type surface. Further, a SAM/MoO3/SAM sandwich hole transport configuration is introduced, which significantly enhances hole extraction, facilitating a more balanced carrier transport, and markedly suppressing non-radiative recombination at the interconnection layer (ICL). The resulting perovskite/organic TSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.05\%, with an open-circuit voltage of 2.21 V (certified at 2.216 V) and enhanced operation stability. {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

author = "Yidan An and Nan Zhang and Qi Liu and Wenlin Jiang and Gengxin Du and Desui Chen and Ming Liu and Xiaofeng Huang and Tingfeng Lei and Quanrun Qiu and Lin, \{Francis R.\} and Zeng, \{Xiao Cheng\} and Jen, \{Alex K.-Y.\} and Hin-Lap Yip",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1038/s41467-025-58047-3",

language = "English",

volume = "16",

journal = "Nature Communications",

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AU - An, Yidan

AU - Zhang, Nan

AU - Liu, Qi

AU - Jiang, Wenlin

AU - Du, Gengxin

AU - Chen, Desui

AU - Liu, Ming

AU - Huang, Xiaofeng

AU - Lei, Tingfeng

AU - Qiu, Quanrun

AU - Lin, Francis R.

AU - Zeng, Xiao Cheng

AU - Jen, Alex K.-Y.

AU - Yip, Hin-Lap

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - While individual perovskite and organic solar cells have demonstrated remarkable performance, achieving similar success in high-efficiency perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (TSCs) has been challenging, primarily due to large voltage deficits and severe non-radiative recombination. By exploring the fundamental mechanisms of carrier losses, we identify that imbalanced carrier transport, particularly inadequate hole transport in the organic subcell significantly limits the overall performance of perovskite/organic TSCs. Herein, we implement a hole transport self-assembled monolayer (SAM) anchored to MoO3, which converts the inherently n-type MoO3 to a p-type surface. Further, a SAM/MoO3/SAM sandwich hole transport configuration is introduced, which significantly enhances hole extraction, facilitating a more balanced carrier transport, and markedly suppressing non-radiative recombination at the interconnection layer (ICL). The resulting perovskite/organic TSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.05%, with an open-circuit voltage of 2.21 V (certified at 2.216 V) and enhanced operation stability. © The Author(s) 2025.

AB - While individual perovskite and organic solar cells have demonstrated remarkable performance, achieving similar success in high-efficiency perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (TSCs) has been challenging, primarily due to large voltage deficits and severe non-radiative recombination. By exploring the fundamental mechanisms of carrier losses, we identify that imbalanced carrier transport, particularly inadequate hole transport in the organic subcell significantly limits the overall performance of perovskite/organic TSCs. Herein, we implement a hole transport self-assembled monolayer (SAM) anchored to MoO3, which converts the inherently n-type MoO3 to a p-type surface. Further, a SAM/MoO3/SAM sandwich hole transport configuration is introduced, which significantly enhances hole extraction, facilitating a more balanced carrier transport, and markedly suppressing non-radiative recombination at the interconnection layer (ICL). The resulting perovskite/organic TSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.05%, with an open-circuit voltage of 2.21 V (certified at 2.216 V) and enhanced operation stability. © The Author(s) 2025.

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U2 - 10.1038/s41467-025-58047-3

DO - 10.1038/s41467-025-58047-3

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

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SN - 2041-1723

VL - 16

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

M1 - 2759

ER -

Balancing carrier transport in interconnection layer for efficient perovskite/organic tandem solar cells

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Publisher's Copyright Statement

RGC Funding Information

ESI Highly Cited Papers

ESI Highly Cited Paper Designation Date(s)

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Author Correction: Balancing carrier transport in interconnection layer for efficient perovskite/organic tandem solar cells

ITF: High Performance III-V Semiconductor/Perovskite Multijunction Solar Cells

NSFC-CRS: Integrated Material Design and Device Engineering to Overcome the Limits of Non-radiative Losses and Stability in Next-generation Organic Photovoltaics

GRF: Simulation-guided Design and Fabrication of High-performance Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells

Cite this

Balancing carrier transport in interconnection layer for efficient perovskite/organic tandem solar cells

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Publisher's Copyright Statement

RGC Funding Information

ESI Highly Cited Papers

ESI Highly Cited Paper Designation Date(s)

Access Output

Other Access Options

Permanent Link

Other Files and Links

Fingerprint

Research output

Author Correction: Balancing carrier transport in interconnection layer for efficient perovskite/organic tandem solar cells

Projects

ITF: High Performance III-V Semiconductor/Perovskite Multijunction Solar Cells

NSFC-CRS: Integrated Material Design and Device Engineering to Overcome the Limits of Non-radiative Losses and Stability in Next-generation Organic Photovoltaics

GRF: Simulation-guided Design and Fabrication of High-performance Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells

Cite this