Associations between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and age at menopause: a longitudinal cohort study

Cui Guo; Tsung Yu; Jinjian Chen; Ly-yun Chang; Changqing Lin; Zengli Yu; Shin Heng Teresa Chan; Guanghui Dong; Tony Tam; Bo Huang; Alexis K.H. Lau; Xiang Qian Lao

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.008

Associations between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and age at menopause: a longitudinal cohort study

Cui Guo, Tsung Yu, Jinjian Chen, Ly-yun Chang, Changqing Lin, Zengli Yu, Shin Heng Teresa Chan, Guanghui Dong, Tony Tam, Bo Huang, Alexis K.H. Lau, Xiang Qian Lao^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Biomedical Sciences

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Background: To investigate the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and age at menopause and the risk of early menopause in two Asian cohorts.
Methods: A total of 53,167 female adults were enrolled from two ongoing cohorts, one each in Taiwan and Hong Kong, between 2003 and 2018, yielding 200,000 person-years of follow-up. We performed a Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates to investigate associations between air pollution and menopause.
Results: The mean age at baseline and at natural menopause was 34.4 and 51.0 years, respectively. In the single-pollutant models, we found that increase in PM_2.5 and NO₂ was associated a younger age at menopause [hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.16 (1.09–1.23) and 1.04 (1.01–1.06), respectively, for each 10 µg/m³ increase in air pollution]. In the multiple-pollutant models, the NO₂–menopause associations were attenuated after adjusting for PM_2.5 and O₃, whereas the associations of menopause with PM_2.5 and O₃ remained stable. Similar associations were observed for the risk of early menopause (age at menopause ≤ 45 years).
Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with the age at menopause and the risk of early menopause. More effective strategies to mitigate air pollution are required.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	68-76
Journal	Annals of Epidemiology
Volume	76
Online published	20 Oct 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.008
Publication status	Published - Dec 2022

Funding

This work was in part supported by Research Grants Council – General Research Fund ( 14109521), Health and Medical Research Found (18190131), and Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515011697). Cui Guo is in part supported by the Research Grants Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme of Hong Kong and Jinjian Chen is in part supported by the PhD Studentship of the Chinese University of Hong Kong

Research Keywords

Age at menopause
Longitudinal cohort
NO2
O3
PM2.5

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COPYRIGHT TERMS OF DEPOSITED POSTPRINT FILE: © 2022. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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@article{4e60e98c87994a32bd92706545cb1dbf,

title = "Associations between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and age at menopause: a longitudinal cohort study",

abstract = "Background: To investigate the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and age at menopause and the risk of early menopause in two Asian cohorts. Methods: A total of 53,167 female adults were enrolled from two ongoing cohorts, one each in Taiwan and Hong Kong, between 2003 and 2018, yielding 200,000 person-years of follow-up. We performed a Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates to investigate associations between air pollution and menopause. Results: The mean age at baseline and at natural menopause was 34.4 and 51.0 years, respectively. In the single-pollutant models, we found that increase in PM2.5 and NO2 was associated a younger age at menopause [hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.16 (1.09–1.23) and 1.04 (1.01–1.06), respectively, for each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollution]. In the multiple-pollutant models, the NO2–menopause associations were attenuated after adjusting for PM2.5 and O3, whereas the associations of menopause with PM2.5 and O3 remained stable. Similar associations were observed for the risk of early menopause (age at menopause ≤ 45 years). Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with the age at menopause and the risk of early menopause. More effective strategies to mitigate air pollution are required.",

keywords = "Age at menopause, Longitudinal cohort, NO2, O3, PM2.5",

author = "Cui Guo and Tsung Yu and Jinjian Chen and Ly-yun Chang and Changqing Lin and Zengli Yu and Chan, {Shin Heng Teresa} and Guanghui Dong and Tony Tam and Bo Huang and Lau, {Alexis K.H.} and Lao, {Xiang Qian}",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.008",

language = "English",

volume = "76",

pages = "68--76",

journal = "Annals of Epidemiology",

issn = "1047-2797",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Associations between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and age at menopause

T2 - a longitudinal cohort study

AU - Guo, Cui

AU - Yu, Tsung

AU - Chen, Jinjian

AU - Chang, Ly-yun

AU - Lin, Changqing

AU - Yu, Zengli

AU - Chan, Shin Heng Teresa

AU - Dong, Guanghui

AU - Tam, Tony

AU - Huang, Bo

AU - Lau, Alexis K.H.

AU - Lao, Xiang Qian

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Background: To investigate the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and age at menopause and the risk of early menopause in two Asian cohorts. Methods: A total of 53,167 female adults were enrolled from two ongoing cohorts, one each in Taiwan and Hong Kong, between 2003 and 2018, yielding 200,000 person-years of follow-up. We performed a Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates to investigate associations between air pollution and menopause. Results: The mean age at baseline and at natural menopause was 34.4 and 51.0 years, respectively. In the single-pollutant models, we found that increase in PM2.5 and NO2 was associated a younger age at menopause [hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.16 (1.09–1.23) and 1.04 (1.01–1.06), respectively, for each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollution]. In the multiple-pollutant models, the NO2–menopause associations were attenuated after adjusting for PM2.5 and O3, whereas the associations of menopause with PM2.5 and O3 remained stable. Similar associations were observed for the risk of early menopause (age at menopause ≤ 45 years). Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with the age at menopause and the risk of early menopause. More effective strategies to mitigate air pollution are required.

AB - Background: To investigate the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and age at menopause and the risk of early menopause in two Asian cohorts. Methods: A total of 53,167 female adults were enrolled from two ongoing cohorts, one each in Taiwan and Hong Kong, between 2003 and 2018, yielding 200,000 person-years of follow-up. We performed a Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates to investigate associations between air pollution and menopause. Results: The mean age at baseline and at natural menopause was 34.4 and 51.0 years, respectively. In the single-pollutant models, we found that increase in PM2.5 and NO2 was associated a younger age at menopause [hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.16 (1.09–1.23) and 1.04 (1.01–1.06), respectively, for each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollution]. In the multiple-pollutant models, the NO2–menopause associations were attenuated after adjusting for PM2.5 and O3, whereas the associations of menopause with PM2.5 and O3 remained stable. Similar associations were observed for the risk of early menopause (age at menopause ≤ 45 years). Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with the age at menopause and the risk of early menopause. More effective strategies to mitigate air pollution are required.

KW - Age at menopause

KW - Longitudinal cohort

KW - NO2

KW - O3

KW - PM2.5

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U2 - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.008

DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.008

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

C2 - 36273700

SN - 1047-2797

VL - 76

SP - 68

EP - 76

JO - Annals of Epidemiology

JF - Annals of Epidemiology

ER -

Associations between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and age at menopause: a longitudinal cohort study

Abstract

Funding

Research Keywords

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GRF: Health Effects of Long-term Exposure to Ozone on Chinese Adults: Analysis of an Existing Longitudinal Cohort

HMRF: Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Intermediate Health Outcomes: A Cohort Study with 55,000 Hong Kong Residents

Cite this

Associations between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and age at menopause: a longitudinal cohort study

Abstract

Funding

Research Keywords

Publisher's Copyright Statement

Access Output

Other Access Options

Permanent Link

Other Files and Links

Fingerprint

Projects

GRF: Health Effects of Long-term Exposure to Ozone on Chinese Adults: Analysis of an Existing Longitudinal Cohort

HMRF: Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Intermediate Health Outcomes: A Cohort Study with 55,000 Hong Kong Residents

Cite this