Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar

Jie Cao; Li Wen; Shuqin Dong; Min Tang; Yijing Guo; Chengxing Shen; Changzhan Gu

doi:10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642

Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar

Jie Cao, Li Wen, Shuqin Dong, Min Tang, Yijing Guo, Chengxing Shen, Changzhan Gu

State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves (City University of Hong Kong)

Research output: Chapters, Conference Papers, Creative and Literary Works › RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication) › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

With the aid of high-precision biomedical radar, vital signs can be measured with micrometer-level accuracy, paving the way for a series of innovative techniques in cardiac activity monitoring. This paper presents an exploratory experiment conducted in collaboration with cardiologists, during which ECG signals and radar signals from 76 subjects with arrhythmias are recorded synchronously. To analyze the distribution of arrhythmias among different subjects, a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique is employed to discretize this distribution into coordinate encoding. Furthermore, a neural network based on distribution encoding has been proposed, enabling the classification of radar signals from subjects with various arrhythmias. In a three-class classification experiment involving nine participants, an accuracy of 80.61% is achieved. © 2025 IEEE.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP)
Publisher	IEEE
Number of pages	3
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331525347
ISBN (Print)	9798331525354
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642
Publication status	Published - 2025
Event	2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP 2025) - Wuxi, China Duration: 23 Jul 2025 → 26 Jul 2025

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, IMWS-AMP
ISSN (Print)	2766-9564
ISSN (Electronic)	2694-2992

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP 2025)
Abbreviated title	IEEE MTT-S IMWS-AMP 2025
Place	China
City	Wuxi
Period	23/07/25 → 26/07/25

Funding

Sponsored by Shanghai Jiao Tong University Star of Jiao Da MedicalIndustrial Intersection Research Fund (YG2023QNA30).

Research Keywords

arrhythmia
biomedical radar
distribution encoding
neural network
nonlinear dimensionality reduction
vital sign

Access Output

10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642

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Cite this

Cao, J., Wen, L., Dong, S., Tang, M., Guo, Y., Shen, C., & Gu, C. (2025). Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar. In 2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP) (Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, IMWS-AMP). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642

Cao, Jie ; Wen, Li ; Dong, Shuqin et al. / Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar. 2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). IEEE, 2025. (Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, IMWS-AMP).

@inproceedings{e167994241ec4916b8df72a404709592,

title = "Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar",

abstract = "With the aid of high-precision biomedical radar, vital signs can be measured with micrometer-level accuracy, paving the way for a series of innovative techniques in cardiac activity monitoring. This paper presents an exploratory experiment conducted in collaboration with cardiologists, during which ECG signals and radar signals from 76 subjects with arrhythmias are recorded synchronously. To analyze the distribution of arrhythmias among different subjects, a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique is employed to discretize this distribution into coordinate encoding. Furthermore, a neural network based on distribution encoding has been proposed, enabling the classification of radar signals from subjects with various arrhythmias. In a three-class classification experiment involving nine participants, an accuracy of 80.61% is achieved. {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.",

keywords = "arrhythmia, biomedical radar, distribution encoding, neural network, nonlinear dimensionality reduction, vital sign",

author = "Jie Cao and Li Wen and Shuqin Dong and Min Tang and Yijing Guo and Chengxing Shen and Changzhan Gu",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642",

language = "English",

isbn = "9798331525354",

series = "Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, IMWS-AMP",

publisher = "IEEE",

booktitle = "2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP)",

address = "United States",

note = "2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP 2025), IEEE MTT-S IMWS-AMP 2025 ; Conference date: 23-07-2025 Through 26-07-2025",

}

Cao, J, Wen, L, Dong, S, Tang, M, Guo, Y, Shen, C & Gu, C 2025, Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar. in 2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, IMWS-AMP, IEEE, 2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP 2025), Wuxi, China, 23/07/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642

Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar. / Cao, Jie; Wen, Li; Dong, Shuqin et al.
2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). IEEE, 2025. (Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, IMWS-AMP).

Research output: Chapters, Conference Papers, Creative and Literary Works › RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication) › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar

AU - Cao, Jie

AU - Wen, Li

AU - Dong, Shuqin

AU - Tang, Min

AU - Guo, Yijing

AU - Shen, Chengxing

AU - Gu, Changzhan

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - With the aid of high-precision biomedical radar, vital signs can be measured with micrometer-level accuracy, paving the way for a series of innovative techniques in cardiac activity monitoring. This paper presents an exploratory experiment conducted in collaboration with cardiologists, during which ECG signals and radar signals from 76 subjects with arrhythmias are recorded synchronously. To analyze the distribution of arrhythmias among different subjects, a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique is employed to discretize this distribution into coordinate encoding. Furthermore, a neural network based on distribution encoding has been proposed, enabling the classification of radar signals from subjects with various arrhythmias. In a three-class classification experiment involving nine participants, an accuracy of 80.61% is achieved. © 2025 IEEE.

AB - With the aid of high-precision biomedical radar, vital signs can be measured with micrometer-level accuracy, paving the way for a series of innovative techniques in cardiac activity monitoring. This paper presents an exploratory experiment conducted in collaboration with cardiologists, during which ECG signals and radar signals from 76 subjects with arrhythmias are recorded synchronously. To analyze the distribution of arrhythmias among different subjects, a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique is employed to discretize this distribution into coordinate encoding. Furthermore, a neural network based on distribution encoding has been proposed, enabling the classification of radar signals from subjects with various arrhythmias. In a three-class classification experiment involving nine participants, an accuracy of 80.61% is achieved. © 2025 IEEE.

KW - arrhythmia

KW - biomedical radar

KW - distribution encoding

KW - neural network

KW - nonlinear dimensionality reduction

KW - vital sign

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105016413225&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105016413225&origin=recordpage

U2 - 10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642

DO - 10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642

M3 - RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication)

SN - 9798331525354

T3 - Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, IMWS-AMP

BT - 2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP)

PB - IEEE

T2 - 2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP 2025)

Y2 - 23 July 2025 through 26 July 2025

ER -

Cao J, Wen L, Dong S, Tang M, Guo Y, Shen C et al. Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar. In 2025 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). IEEE. 2025. (Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, IMWS-AMP). Epub 2025 Sept 1. doi: 10.1109/IMWS-AMP66175.2025.11136642

Arrhythmia Classification Based on Distribution Encoding Network with Biomedical Radar

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