Analgesic practices for acute pain management in cats and dogs in Africa

Objectives: To understand perceptions and analgesic practices for acute pain management in cats and dogs by veterinarians in Africa.

Methods: Data from small animal veterinarians were collected using an online questionnaire (English/French) and convenience sampling. Pain management practices and perceptions of veterinarians were analysed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA).

Results: A total of 249 participants completed the survey from 20 countries. The readily available opioids, NSAIDs, and local anaesthetics were morphine (n = 90; 36.1%), meloxicam (n = 200; 80.3%), and lidocaine (n = 245; 98.4%), respectively. The majority of participants reported not using pain assessment instruments for perioperative pain in cats (n = 169; 67.9%) or dogs (n = 170; 68.3%). Feline Grimace Scale (n = 27; 10.8%) and Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (n = 30; 12.0%) were the most commonly used instruments in cats and dogs, respectively. MCA identified two distinct clusters, indicating complex associations between variables. One cluster represented high knowledge of pain assessment, use of peri-operative NSAIDs and opioids, pain assessment instruments, and recommendations of ongoing NSAID therapy after ovariohysterectomy. The second cluster represented low knowledge of pain assessment, non-use of peri-operative NSAIDs and opioids, non-use of pain assessment instruments, and no recommendations for ongoing NSAID therapy after ovariohysterectomy.

Clinical Significance: Low knowledge and limited access to analgesics were associated with the non-use of perioperative NSAIDs and opioids, pain assessment tools, and NSAID therapy following ovariohysterectomy. Continuing education programs and improved drug availability are essential for improving pain management in cats and dogs.

© 2025 The Author(s).