An Efficient Barrett Modular Multiplier Design for Zero-Knowledge Proof

Jiahao Li; Qiang Liu; Ray C.C. Cheung; Zhaohui Guo

doi:10.1109/AsianHOST68425.2025.11370380

An Efficient Barrett Modular Multiplier Design for Zero-Knowledge Proof

Jiahao Li
, Qiang Liu
, Ray C.C. Cheung
, Zhaohui Guo^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Electrical Engineering

Research output: Chapters, Conference Papers, Creative and Literary Works › RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication) › peer-review

Abstract

Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) has been widely applied in fields such as blockchain and privacy-preserving computing. However, the proof generation process remains computationally complex and time-consuming, which limits its further applications. Various schemes have been proposed to optimize the underlying modular operations with dedicated hardware support, but existing schemes still face low-efficiency problems. To address the problems, we propose an efficient Barrett modular multiplier design, especially for ZKP. Evaluation on a Xilinx XCVU9P FPGA shows that, compared to two existing pipelined designs, the proposed design improves throughput per slice by up to 20.4% and 49.6%, respectively, and achieves an 8.6× improvement over an existing non-pipelined design. © 2025 IEEE.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST)
Publisher	IEEE
Number of pages	4
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331589240
ISBN (Print)	9798331589257
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/AsianHOST68425.2025.11370380
Publication status	Published - Dec 2025
Event	10th Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST 2025) - Nanjing, China Duration: 19 Dec 2025 → 21 Dec 2025 https://www.asianhost.org/2025/

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of the Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium, AsianHOST

Conference

Conference	10th Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST 2025)
Abbreviated title	AsianHOST2025
Place	China
City	Nanjing
Period	19/12/25 → 21/12/25
Internet address	https://www.asianhost.org/2025/

Funding

This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U21B2031.

Research Keywords

Barrett Modular Multiplication
Modular Multiplication
Zero-Knowledge Proof

Access Output

10.1109/AsianHOST68425.2025.11370380

Other Access Options

Check CityUHK Library

Permanent Link

Right click to copy link

Cite this

@inproceedings{6012d6224da2477f87087aa2b8813665,

title = "An Efficient Barrett Modular Multiplier Design for Zero-Knowledge Proof",

abstract = "Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) has been widely applied in fields such as blockchain and privacy-preserving computing. However, the proof generation process remains computationally complex and time-consuming, which limits its further applications. Various schemes have been proposed to optimize the underlying modular operations with dedicated hardware support, but existing schemes still face low-efficiency problems. To address the problems, we propose an efficient Barrett modular multiplier design, especially for ZKP. Evaluation on a Xilinx XCVU9P FPGA shows that, compared to two existing pipelined designs, the proposed design improves throughput per slice by up to 20.4\% and 49.6\%, respectively, and achieves an 8.6× improvement over an existing non-pipelined design. {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.",

keywords = "Barrett Modular Multiplication, Modular Multiplication, Zero-Knowledge Proof",

author = "Jiahao Li and Qiang Liu and Cheung, \{Ray C.C.\} and Zhaohui Guo",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1109/AsianHOST68425.2025.11370380",

language = "English",

isbn = "9798331589257",

series = "Proceedings of the Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium, AsianHOST",

publisher = "IEEE",

booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST)",

address = "United States",

note = "10th Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST 2025), AsianHOST2025 ; Conference date: 19-12-2025 Through 21-12-2025",

url = "https://www.asianhost.org/2025/",

}

Li, J, Liu, Q, Cheung, RCC & Guo, Z 2025, An Efficient Barrett Modular Multiplier Design for Zero-Knowledge Proof. in Proceedings of the 2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST). Proceedings of the Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium, AsianHOST, IEEE, 10th Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST 2025), Nanjing, China, 19/12/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/AsianHOST68425.2025.11370380

An Efficient Barrett Modular Multiplier Design for Zero-Knowledge Proof. / Li, Jiahao; Liu, Qiang; Cheung, Ray C.C. et al.
Proceedings of the 2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST). IEEE, 2025. (Proceedings of the Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium, AsianHOST).

Research output: Chapters, Conference Papers, Creative and Literary Works › RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication) › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - An Efficient Barrett Modular Multiplier Design for Zero-Knowledge Proof

AU - Li, Jiahao

AU - Liu, Qiang

AU - Cheung, Ray C.C.

AU - Guo, Zhaohui

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) has been widely applied in fields such as blockchain and privacy-preserving computing. However, the proof generation process remains computationally complex and time-consuming, which limits its further applications. Various schemes have been proposed to optimize the underlying modular operations with dedicated hardware support, but existing schemes still face low-efficiency problems. To address the problems, we propose an efficient Barrett modular multiplier design, especially for ZKP. Evaluation on a Xilinx XCVU9P FPGA shows that, compared to two existing pipelined designs, the proposed design improves throughput per slice by up to 20.4% and 49.6%, respectively, and achieves an 8.6× improvement over an existing non-pipelined design. © 2025 IEEE.

AB - Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) has been widely applied in fields such as blockchain and privacy-preserving computing. However, the proof generation process remains computationally complex and time-consuming, which limits its further applications. Various schemes have been proposed to optimize the underlying modular operations with dedicated hardware support, but existing schemes still face low-efficiency problems. To address the problems, we propose an efficient Barrett modular multiplier design, especially for ZKP. Evaluation on a Xilinx XCVU9P FPGA shows that, compared to two existing pipelined designs, the proposed design improves throughput per slice by up to 20.4% and 49.6%, respectively, and achieves an 8.6× improvement over an existing non-pipelined design. © 2025 IEEE.

KW - Barrett Modular Multiplication

KW - Modular Multiplication

KW - Zero-Knowledge Proof

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105034716594

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105034716594&origin=recordpage

U2 - 10.1109/AsianHOST68425.2025.11370380

DO - 10.1109/AsianHOST68425.2025.11370380

M3 - RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication)

SN - 9798331589257

T3 - Proceedings of the Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium, AsianHOST

BT - Proceedings of the 2025 Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST)

PB - IEEE

T2 - 10th Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST 2025)

Y2 - 19 December 2025 through 21 December 2025

ER -

An Efficient Barrett Modular Multiplier Design for Zero-Knowledge Proof

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Funding

Research Keywords

Access Output

Other Access Options

Permanent Link

Other Files and Links

Fingerprint

Cite this