TY - JOUR
T1 - Alloying–realloying enabled high durability for Pt–Pd-3d-transition metal nanoparticle fuel cell catalysts
AU - Wu, Zhi-Peng
AU - Caracciolo, Dominic T.
AU - Maswadeh, Yazan
AU - Wen, Jianguo
AU - Kong, Zhijie
AU - Shan, Shiyao
AU - Vargas, Jorge A.
AU - Yan, Shan
AU - Hopkins, Emma
AU - Park, Keonwoo
AU - Sharma, Anju
AU - Ren, Yang
AU - Petkov, Valeri
AU - Wang, Lichang
AU - Zhong, Chuan-Jian
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Alloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here, we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.
AB - Alloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here, we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100984454&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100984454&origin=recordpage
U2 - 10.1038/s41467-021-21017-6
DO - 10.1038/s41467-021-21017-6
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
C2 - 33558516
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 12
JO - Nature Communications
JF - Nature Communications
M1 - 859
ER -