Adenine deficient yeast: A fluorescent biosensor for the detection of Labile Zn(II) in aqueous solution

Labile Zn(II) species play key roles in inducing bioresponse. Thus the development of a biosensor for labile Zn(II) quantification is important. In this study, we demonstrate that the autofluorescence intensity (FITC channel) of an adenine deficient yeast (Ade(−) yeast) was enhanced in the presence of Zn²⁺. Yeast cells were firstly cultured for 24 h to obtain the Ade(−) yeast, and the biomass (OD value) was optimized to be 0.03. After pre-culturing in D-glucose at 2.5 g/L for 1 h, the cells were transferred to 2.5 g/L D-glucose containing Zn²⁺ and the autofluorescence intensity was determined by flow cytometry after 1 h. The biosensor could detect Zn²⁺ at ultralow concentration (0.01 μM) in the optimized medium and accurately quantify the extracellular concentrations of Zn²⁺ ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 μM. High tolerance of Ade(−) yeast to salinity, pH variation and other metals enabled its application as a biosensor for labile Zn detection in complex media. Determining dissolved Zn²⁺ from a viscous sample (zinc cream), Ade(−) yeast accurately quantified the labile Zn²⁺ with a lower quantification limit than the chemosensor and higher simplicity than the conventional method (ICP-MS coupled with ultrafiltration). The study provides a novel biosensor based on an Ade(−) yeast and could be potentially used to detect labile Zn(II) species at trace levels in complex media.