Adaptive Resource Allocation and Mode Switching for D2D Networks with Imperfect CSI in AGV-Based Factory Automation

In industrial factory automation and control system, reliable communication for automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in dynamic, interference laden factory settings are essential partic-ularly for real-time operations. Device-to-device (D2D) technology can enhance industrial network performance by offloading traffic and improving resource utilization. However, deploying D2D-ena-bled networks presents challenges such as interference control and imperfect channel state information (ICSI). In this paper, we inve-stigate an adaptive resource allocation and mode switching strategy (ARAMS) in D2D-enabled industrial small cell (SC) net-works with ICSI to maximize the system throughput and address reuse interference for AGVs. The ARAMS scheme integrates mode switching (MS), channel-quality factor (CQF), and power control (PC) within a bi-phasic resource-sharing (RS) algorithm to lower the computational complexity. In the initial phase, the operational mode for each D2D user (DU) per cell is adaptively selected based on the channel gain ratio (CGR). Subsequently, it computes the CQF for each cell with a reuse DU to identify an optimal reuse partner. The final phase employs the Lagrangian dual decomposition method to decide the DU's and industrial cellular users (CUs) optimum distributed power to maximize the system throughput under the interference constraints. The num-erical results show that as channel estimation error variance (CEEV) increases, the ARAMS scheme consistently outperforms other approaches in maximizing system throughput, except for the AIMS scheme. © 2024 The Authors.