A Wideband Microwave Absorber with Wide-Angle Stability Based on Hybrid 2-D and 3-D Structures

A microwave absorber based on hybrid 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D structures is proposed to achieve ultra-wide-angle absorption. Based on impedance matching conditions, the equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the absorber is established, and the surface impedance range required for effective absorption under arbitrary oblique incidence angles is derived. By comparing the simulated surface impedance values with theoretical predictions, it is confirmed that incorporating a 3-D structure enhances the capability of the absorber to achieve efficient absorption at extreme oblique incidence angles. A prototype of the absorber has been fabricated and tested for verification. The designed absorber achieves over 90% absorption for TE-polarized waves from normal incidence to 60° within 8-16GHz, and for TM-polarized waves from normal incidence to 70° across 8-17GHz. Notably, under oblique incidence, it maintains above 80% absorption efficiency over 6-18GHz, with angular stability extending to 70° for TE-polarization and 70° for TM-polarization.

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