Abstract
As an emerging environmental pollutant, microplastics (MPs) can adsorb various contaminants, including heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This ability stems from their small size and high specific surface area. Once adsorbed, the adherents can act in combination with MPs to produce synergistic toxic effects when they enter organisms through MPs, exacerbating their toxicity when introduced into organisms. This review examines the toxicological effects of the combination of different MPs and environmental pollutants on terrestrial and marine invertebrates, vertebrates, and microorganisms. In conclusion, the combined toxicological effects of MPs and their attachment to organisms are complex and multilayered. Existing studies have identified certain underlying mechanisms, underscoring the need for societies and governments to account for the combined toxic effects of MPs and their associated pollutants. © 2025 The Authors
Original language | English |
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Article number | 100486 |
Journal | Emerging Contaminants |
Volume | 11 |
Issue number | 2 |
Online published | 26 Feb 2025 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2025 |
Research Keywords
- Aquatic
- Combined toxicity
- Invertebrates
- Microplastics
- Pollutants
- Terrestrial
- Vertebrates
Publisher's Copyright Statement
- This full text is made available under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/