A review on recent developments of vanadium-based cathode for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries

Benefiting from their high safety, low cost, and excellent performance, aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as a promising candidate for next-generation commercial energy storage devices. High-performance cathodes are urgently needed to accelerate practical application of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Among various cathodes reported previously, vanadium-based materials attract a great deal of attention since they hold high capacity and good cycling stability. Though fruitful achievements have been made, there are amounts of crystal structures and energy storage mechanisms are still unclear, which will significantly affect performance of full batteries. This review presents a comprehensive overview of structure characteristics, relevant electrochemical behavior, and proposed energy storage mechanisms of reported vanadium-based materials which provide effective Zn-storage performance. Meanwhile,recent developments of vanadium-based materials for ZIBs are systematically summarized. Last but not least, the future perspectives are also discussed. We hope that this review can provide suggestions to design high-performance electrode materials and promote the development of ZIBs.