A review of research on "neither in employment, education, or training" (NEET) youth in Hong Kong

By means of a literature search of online academic journal databases, this study aimed to review the features of “neither in employment, education, or training” (NEET) youth in Hong Kong and the possible research gaps in regard to the phenomenon. Although the phenomenon of NEET youth in Hong Kong is normally understood in a normative and less affirmative way, results have found that this phenomenon is heterogeneous and can be understood differently as a temporary break actively chosen by young people or a chronic situation in which NEETs show difficulties integrating into mainstream society. Moreover, the risk factors behind are also variously associated with their low-SES background, educational attainment, career achievement, parental divorce, and conflicts or unstable job market. With the rather negative connotation of NEETs, social expectations are often imposed on them instead of encouraging their self-discovery with a sense of satisfaction in life. To overcome the stigma attached to NEETs, this study found that rigorous and comprehensive research on the phenomenon is necessary to (1) compare and delineate its differences across cultures and countries, (2) explore its relationship with one’s personality traits and external determinants, (3) examine how mental health status, parenting styles, and attitudes relate to the phenomenon, and (4) reveal the social capitals where NEETs have instead of focusing on the areas where they are unachievable. Through rigorous and comprehensive research, new perspectives and interventions on NEETs unearthing their potentials will be possible.